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A Level Biology: Topic 5 (Edexcel) > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process by which food is broken down to yeild ATP which is a source of energy in metabolic reactions

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2
Q

What is a respiratory substrate?

A

The substance broken down during respiration

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3
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

A form of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen

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4
Q

What is needed for cellular respiration? (aerobic)

A

Glucose

Oxygen

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5
Q

What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide

Water

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6
Q

How does ATP release energy?

A

The third phosphate bond is broken in a hydrolysis reaction catalysed by ATPase to produce ADP

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7
Q

Which process breaks the third phosphate bond of ATP?

A

Hydrolysisi

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8
Q

Which enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of the third phosphate bond in ATP?

A

ATPase

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9
Q

What are the steps of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

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10
Q

What is the first stage of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis

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11
Q

What is the second stage of cellular respiration?

A

Krebs cycle

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12
Q

Why is the link reaction needed?

A

Needed to move the products of glycolysis into the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

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13
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

The cytoplasm of the cell

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14
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

A

The matrix of the mitochondria

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15
Q

Where is ATP produced?

A

The stalked particles on the inner mitochondrial membrane

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16
Q

What are cristae?

A

The many folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

17
Q

What is reduction?

A

The addition of electrons to a substance

18
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The removal of electrons from a substance

19
Q

What are the two kinds of hydrogen acceptors in the electron transport chain?

A

NAD

FAD

20
Q

What is the first step in glycolysis?

A

The 6c sugar is changed into a phosphorelated sugar where 2 phosphate groups from ATP are added
This uses 2 molocules of ATP

21
Q

Why does phosphorelation take place in glycolysis?

A

To make the sugar more reactive and stop it leaving the cell

22
Q

What happens to the phosphorelated sugar in glycolysis?

A

It is split into 2 3C compounds (GP)

23
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis?

A

2 molocules of pyruvic acid

24
Q

How is GP converted into pyruvic acid?

A

2 hydrogen atoms are removed and taken up by NADH

ATP is created when the phosphorelation at the beginning of glycolysis is reversed

25
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

It takes place in the absense of oxygen

26
Q

What is the product of anaerobic respiration in mammals?

A

Lactic acid and 2 molocules of ATP

27
Q

How many ATP molocules are produced in glycolysis?

A

8

28
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration bad for muscles?

A

Low ATP yeild

The movement of lactate and hydrogen ions from the blood lowers the pH of the blood which affects the CNS

29
Q

What are the products of the link reaction?

A

Carbon dioxide

NADH

30
Q

What does the link reaction convert pyruvic acid to?

A

Acetyl coenzyme A (2c)

31
Q

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

A

3NADH
FADH
ATP

32
Q

What is the first thing formed in the Krebs cycle?

A

Citrate (6c)

33
Q

How is Citrate formed?

A

Acetyl coA combines with a 4C compound

34
Q

How many ATP are produced overall?

A

36

A Level Biology: Topic 5 (Edexcel) (2 decks)

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