Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which food is broken down to yeild ATP which is a source of energy in metabolic reactions
What is a respiratory substrate?
The substance broken down during respiration
What is aerobic respiration?
A form of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen
What is needed for cellular respiration? (aerobic)
Glucose
Oxygen
What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Water
How does ATP release energy?
The third phosphate bond is broken in a hydrolysis reaction catalysed by ATPase to produce ADP
Which process breaks the third phosphate bond of ATP?
Hydrolysisi
Which enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of the third phosphate bond in ATP?
ATPase
What are the steps of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
What is the first stage of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
What is the second stage of cellular respiration?
Krebs cycle
Why is the link reaction needed?
Needed to move the products of glycolysis into the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm of the cell
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
The matrix of the mitochondria
Where is ATP produced?
The stalked particles on the inner mitochondrial membrane
What are cristae?
The many folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
What is reduction?
The addition of electrons to a substance
What is oxidation?
The removal of electrons from a substance
What are the two kinds of hydrogen acceptors in the electron transport chain?
NAD
FAD
What is the first step in glycolysis?
The 6c sugar is changed into a phosphorelated sugar where 2 phosphate groups from ATP are added
This uses 2 molocules of ATP
Why does phosphorelation take place in glycolysis?
To make the sugar more reactive and stop it leaving the cell
What happens to the phosphorelated sugar in glycolysis?
It is split into 2 3C compounds (GP)
What is the end product of glycolysis?
2 molocules of pyruvic acid
How is GP converted into pyruvic acid?
2 hydrogen atoms are removed and taken up by NADH
ATP is created when the phosphorelation at the beginning of glycolysis is reversed
What is anaerobic respiration?
It takes place in the absense of oxygen
What is the product of anaerobic respiration in mammals?
Lactic acid and 2 molocules of ATP
How many ATP molocules are produced in glycolysis?
8
Why is anaerobic respiration bad for muscles?
Low ATP yeild
The movement of lactate and hydrogen ions from the blood lowers the pH of the blood which affects the CNS
What are the products of the link reaction?
Carbon dioxide
NADH
What does the link reaction convert pyruvic acid to?
Acetyl coenzyme A (2c)
What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
3NADH
FADH
ATP
What is the first thing formed in the Krebs cycle?
Citrate (6c)
How is Citrate formed?
Acetyl coA combines with a 4C compound
How many ATP are produced overall?
36
