Photosynthesis Flashcards
What do plants use to produce food for themselves?
Light energy
What are plants called because they make their own food?
Producers or Autotrophs
Leaves contain chloroplasts which contain what?
Chlorophyll to perform photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight > C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is glucose used for?
To produce energy, to grow and for cell walls
What are plants called because they don’t move?
Sessile
What are animals called because they do move?
Motile
What are all plants?
Multicellular
What are advantages to being multicellular?
Large size, specialized cells, ability to survive across a wide range of environments
What are the structures of a plant?
Cells, tissues, organs, systems
What are the types of cells in plants?
Basic unit of organization; guard cells, palisade cells, epidermal cells
What are the tissues of plants?
Similar cells clustered together to do a job; epidermal tissue
What are the organs of plants?
Different tissues combined; roots, stems, leaves
What are the systems of a plant?
Multiple organs working together; vascular system
What does the phloem and xylem form?
A plants vascular system
What does the xylem do?
Transports water and minerals from the soil to the leaves; made of dead cells (tracheids or vessel elements)
What does the phloem do?
Transports glucose and sugars formed during photosynthesis; made of living cells (sleeve tubes)
How does water enter the roots?
Osmosis from the soil to the xylem
How are minerals transported into the xylem?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the mixture of water and minerals called?
Xylem sap
Water molecules, because of their shape and polar nature, are attracted to one another, what is this called?
Cohesion
The water molecule are also attracted to the walls of the xylem which is called?
Adhesion
What two factors allow water to move against gravity?
Root pressure and Transpiration
What does root pressure do?
It pushes; as H2O moves into the roots it causes an increase in pressure, as pressure builds it forces water up the xylem
What does transpiration do?
It pulls; as H2O exits the leaf by transpiration the cohesive attraction pulls xylem sap up to replace the lost water
What cells produce sugars that provide energy for the whole plant?
The palisade cells and spongy cells
How is sugar pumped into the phloem?
Active transport
As the sugar concentration in the phloem increases, what will happen ?
Water will move in by osmosis
As water moves in what increases?
Turgor pressure
When turgor pressure rises what will happen to the phloem?
It will move through pores into neighbouring cells
