Photosynthesis Flashcards
Autotroph
-Produce energy from molecules
-Produce food from CO2 and other raw materials
Heterotroph
-Depends on autotrophs for food and oxygen
Photosynthesis
-Nourishes all the living world
-Occurs in plants,algae,some protists and some prokaryotes
- light energy is used in a series of chemical processes to create glucose (chemical energy) in phototrophs.
Stomata
-Small pores located on the surface of the plant leaf
-Allows gas exchange
-Helps regulate water loss through transpiration
Chloroplast
-Located inside plant cells
-Increases photosynthesis surface area
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll A:
-Primary light absorbing pigment
Chlorophyll B:
-An accessory pigment
Thylakoid
- “Little green skittles/disks”
-Located in the stroma, membrane bound sacks stacked on top of each other to form grana.
Stroma
-Protein rich liquid
-Interior space filled with a protein rich semi-liquid
Glucose
- A simple sugar
- primary source of short/long term energy for organisms
- created through photosynthesis in plants
- used in Calvin cycle to produce energy
ATP
-Provides immediate energy to the cell
-Formed by adding an inorganic phosphate Pi to ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
-When energy is released ATP is converted back to ADP and P
Synthase/Synthesis
- The process of combining simple molecules to form complex compounds
Chemiosmosis
-Movement pf H+ ions from [HIGH] to [LOW]
-A chemical diffusion
Oxidation
Loss of electrons (LEO)
Reduction
- Gain of elections (GER)
Light Dependent Reaction
- Occurs on the thylakoid membrane.
- light contributes to the formation of ATP and NADPH
- reduce election carriers ( add hand E to NADP+)
- oxygen is created as waste product
Photolysis
- When photons of light split water molecules to release electrons and hydrogen ions.
Photosystem
- Clusters of pigment molecules
NADPH
- NADP+ is REDUCED to become NADPH
Light Independent Reaction (carbon fixations/ Calvin cycle)
- Occurs in the stroma (fluid in chloroplast)
- CO2 is used to form glucose
- utilize ATP and electrons
ADP
Creates ATP when energy is added
Carbon Fixation
3x carbon combines with RuBP to form an unstable 6 carbon molecule which breaks down
Carbon Reduction
Energy from 6 ATP and 6 NADPH is added to the 3 carbon molecules and the result is 6x G3P
Carbon Regeneration
The remaining G3Ps with 3 ATP are used to regenerate RuBP to continue the cycle
