Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Cellular respiration
The process cells use to release energy needed for work in the body.
Mitochondrion
Generates the energy necessary to power cells
Matrix
- Generates multiple high-energy molecules like NADH and FADH2
- produces ATP directly during the Krebs cycle
Glucose oxidation
Glycolysis, first stage in the cellular respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm, creates 2 pyruvate
Glycolysis
-Occurs in the cytoplasm, id an anaerobic process
-2 net ATP
-2 pyruvate made
Cytoplasm
- where glycolysis happens
Anaerobic
Can occur without oxygen
Pyruvate
A molecule with chemical energy that can proceed to both the Krebs cycle or fermentation depending on if O2 is present
Phosphorylation
A process of adding phosphate molecules, crucial in energy production
Lactic acid fermentation
-Anaerobic process
-Happens in the muscle when oxygen is limited
-Causes muscle fatigue and cramping
-Only produces ATP generated during glycolysis
Alcohol fermentation
-A metabolic pathway that occurs in yeasts and some bacteria
-Converts pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide
-Occurs in the cytoplasm
Aerobic respiration
-Requires oxygen to produce ATP
-Oxidation reaction when a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions transfer electrons from high-energy molecules (glucose)to oxygen
Transition reaction (Link)
- CoA “tows” the two-carbon compound to the Krebs Cycle
-During this reaction,NAD+ is reduced to NADH
Acetyl coenzyme A
-Pyruvate loses a carbon atom as carbon dioxide
-Remaining 2 carbon atoms bond with Coenzyme A (CoA) to form acetyl-CoA
Decarboxylation
-Occurs in the stage after glycolysis, Krebs prep
Krebs Cycle
-Occurs twice for every glucose molecule
-Acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle and the two carbon atoms are fully oxidized to 2 carbon dioxide each cycle
-In one cycle, a total of three NAD+ and one FAD are reduced to form NADH and FADH2
-One ATP molecule each cycle
Electron Transport Chain
-Located in the mitochondria
-Majority of ATP molecules are produced here
NADH
High-energy electron carrier- NADH carries high-energy electrons from glucose metabolism to the ETC
FADH2
FADH2 contributes to ATP production during the electron transport process
