photosynthesis Flashcards
what is the vein
vascular bundle, transports materials
what is the summary equation for photosynthesis
6 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6 H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2
what is the stroma and what reaction happens there
fluid inside a chloroplast. is the site of the calvin cycle
what is the stoma of a leaf
openings in epidermis that open and close to regulate gas exchange and prevent transpiration
what is the relationship between wavelength and energy of light
they are inverse of each other. as the wavelength of light increases, the energy decreases
what is the calvin cycle
the cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars
what is reduction
the gaining of electrons
what is oxidation
the losing of electrons
what is mesophyll and what does it perform
cells that perform photosynthesis and store products
what is chemiosmosis
the process of ions moving through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
what is an autotroph
an organism that makes its own food
what is a thykaloid and what reaction happens in them
small green membrane sacks located in the stroma. are the sites of light reactions
what is a heterotroph
an organism that must obtain food from other organisms
what does atp and nadph do in the calvin cycle
atp helps fuel the cycle
nadhp acts as a reducing agent by providing the electrons needed to convert carbon dioxide into sugar
what does a xylem transport
water
what does a phloem transport
sugar
what are the functions of chloroplasts
photosynthesis
what are reaction centers
pigment-protein complexes that convert light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis
what are light reactions
- 1st stage of photosynthesis
- occurs in the thykaloid
- converts light energy into chemical energy
- produces atp and nadph
what are accessory pigments
absorb different wavelengths of light and then pass them to the reaction center
steps of the calvin cycle
carbon dioxide is fixed into rupb, then reduced using energy from ATP and NADPH to form carbon sugar, and finally, RuBP is regenerated to continue the cycle
is the xylem the top or bottom of the vein
top
