metabolism Flashcards
what is induced fit
after a substrate enters the active site the enzyme changes shape to better fit the substrate
what is energy coupling
energy coupling uses the energy from exergonic reactions to drive essential endergonic reactions
what is atp (organelle) and what is it made of
a nucleotide made of adenine, sugar ribose, 3 phosphate groups
what is an anabolic pathway
builds complicated molecules from simpler ones
endergonic (requires energy)
uphill reaction and nonspontaneous reaction
what is an allosteric regulation
a process where an enzymes activity is controlled by a molecule binding to a site on the enzyme that is separate from the active site causing a change in the enzyme which can either increase or decrease enzyme activity
what is a noncompetitive inhibitor
a molecule that binds to the enzyme at a different site than the substrate, reducing the enzymes activity
what is a metabolic pathway
a series of chemical reactions in which the products of one reaction are the reactants for another
what is a competitive inhibitor
competes with the substrate to get to the active site
what is a catabolic pathway
- breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones
- exergonic (releases energy)
- downhill/spontaneous
what are the two types of metabolic pathways
catabolic and anabolic
what are the functions of enzymes in biological systems
to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
what are the differences between potential and kinetic energy
potential energy:
- stored energy
- energy associated with location/position of something
- chemical, gravitational, nuclear, elastic
(chemical energy is where electrons are located)
kinetic energy:
- energy connected to something moving
- mechanical, thermal, sound, electrical, radiant
what are redox reactions
chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between atoms/molecules (something is losing electrons and something is gaining them)
what are enzymes made of
mostly proteins which means they are made up of chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds forming peptide chains
how can temperature, ph, salinity, cofactors and enzyme inhibitors all influence enzyme activity
affects the enzyme structure and its ability to bind to the substrate. denature it
Explain how ATP performs cellular work
it transfers a phosphate group to another molecule (phosphorylation)
