Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
Where does the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis take place?
Thylakoid membrane
What is the final electron acceptor in the light-dependent reaction?
NADP+
What molecule is produced during the light-dependent reaction and used to power the Calvin cycle?
ATP
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
To convert carbon dioxide into glucose
What enzyme is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?
Rubisco
What is the product of the Calvin cycle?
Glucose
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the role of water in photosynthesis?
To provide electrons during the light-dependent reaction
What is the main purpose of the light-dependent reaction?
To produce ATP and NADPH
What is the primary function of the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane?
To absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy
What is the role of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?
To generate a proton gradient for ATP production
What happens to the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?
It is released into the atmosphere
What factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration
What is the significance of photosynthesis in the ecosystem?
It is the primary source of energy for most living organisms
What is the difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants in terms of photosynthesis?
They have different mechanisms for carbon fixation and adaptation to varying environmental conditions
What is the role of carotenoids in photosynthesis?
To protect chlorophyll from damage by excess light
What is the importance of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
It removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it into organic molecules
How does the structure of the chloroplast relate to its function in photosynthesis?
The thylakoid membrane provides the surface area for light absorption and ATP production
What is the significance of the photosystem II reaction center in photosynthesis?
It is the first step in the light-dependent reaction, where water is split to release oxygen
What is the role of the stroma in photosynthesis?
To house the enzymes of the Calvin cycle for carbon fixation
How does the pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane contribute to ATP production?
It drives the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis
What is the importance of the Z scheme in photosynthesis?
It describes the flow of electrons through photosystem II and I to generate ATP and NADPH
