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General Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms

A

Autotrophs

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3
Q

producers of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules

A

Autotrophs

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4
Q

Almost all plants are ________________, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2

A

photoautotrophs

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5
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in ____, _____, certain other ______, and some ______. These organisms feed not only themselves but also most of the living world

A

plants, algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotes

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6
Q

obtain their organic material from other organisms

A

Heterotrophs

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7
Q

the consumers of the biosphere

A

Heterotrophs

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8
Q

_________ are structurally similar to and likely evolved from photosynthetic bacteria. The structural organization of these cells allows for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

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9
Q

Major locations of photosynthesis

A

Leaves

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10
Q

Where does the green color from leaves come from

A

Chlorophyll (green pigment) within chloroplasts

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11
Q

What drives the synthesis of organic molecules in the chloroplast?

A

Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll

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12
Q

Where does gas exchange (CO2 enters and O2 exits) occur?

A

Microscopic Pores (STOMATA)

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13
Q

Where is chloroplast located/found?

A

Cells of MESOPHYLL (interior tissue of leaf)

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14
Q

How many chloroplasts are there in a mesophyll cell?

A

30-40 chloroplasts

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15
Q

Connected sacs in the chloroplast

A

Thylakoids

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16
Q

Where is chlorophyll specifically located?

A

Thylakoids

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17
Q

Stacked columns of thylakoids

A

Grana (plural), Granum (singular)

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18
Q

Chloroplasts also contain _______, a dense fluid

A

Stroma

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19
Q

Equation/Formula of Photosynthesis

A

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O

20
Q

Photosynthesis is a ________ process in which H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced

A

Redox

21
Q

Photosynthesis consists of the ___________ (the photo part) and ______________ (the synthesis part)

A

Light reactions, Calvin Cycle

22
Q

Location of Calvin cycle

A

Stroma

23
Q

Solar-powered chemical factories

A

Chloroplasts

24
Q

a form of electromagnetic energy, also called electromagnetic radiation

A

Light

25
Q

Like other electromagnetic energy, light travels in

A

Rhythmic waves

26
Q

Distance between crests of waves and determines the type of electromagnetic energy

A

Wavelength

27
Q

the entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

28
Q

Consists of wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see

A

Visible Light

29
Q

Light also behaves as though it consists of discrete particles, called

A

Photons

30
Q

What happens to wavelengths that are not absorbed?

A

Reflected or transmitted

31
Q

This measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths by sending light through pigments and measuring the fraction of light transmitted at each wavelength.

A

Spectrophotometer

32
Q

a graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength

A

Absorption spectrum

33
Q

profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process

A

Action spectrum

34
Q

Who first demonstrated action spectrum of photosynthesis?

A

Theodor W. Engelmann (1883)

35
Q

This consists of a reaction-center complex (a type of protein complex) surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

A

Photosystem

36
Q

This funnel the energy of photons to the reaction center

A

Light-harvesting complexes (pigment molecules bound to proteins)

37
Q

The two types of photosystems in thylakoid membrane

A

Photosystem II & Photosystem I

38
Q

The reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS II is called _____

A

P680

39
Q

The reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS I is called _____.

A

P700

40
Q

Two possible routes for electron flow (in light reactions), which are

A

Cyclic and Linear Electron Flow

41
Q

(Electron flow type)

the primary pathway, involves both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH using light energy

A

Linear Electron flow

42
Q

(electron flow type)

uses only photosystem I and produces ATP, but not NADPH

A

Cyclic electron flow

43
Q

______________________ generates surplus ATP, satisfying the higher demand in the Calvin cycle

A

Cyclic electron flow

44
Q

Organism that have PS I but not PS II

A

Purple sulfur bacteria

45
Q

Is thought to have evolved before linear electron flow and may protect cells from light-induced damage

A

Cyclic electron flow

46
Q

Mitochondria _____________________ from food to ATP; chloroplasts __________________ into the chemical energy of ATP

A

transfer chemical energy,

transform light energy

47
Q

light reactions generate ATP and ____________________________ by moving them from H2O to NADPH

A

increase the potential energy of electrons

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