Photosynthesis

Question 1

is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms

Answer 2

Autotrophs

Question 3

producers of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules

Answer 3

Autotrophs

Question 4

Almost all plants are ________________, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules from H2O and CO2

Answer 4

photoautotrophs

Question 5

Photosynthesis occurs in ____, _____, certain other ______, and some ______. These organisms feed not only themselves but also most of the living world

Answer 5

plants, algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotes

Question 6

obtain their organic material from other organisms

Answer 6

Heterotrophs

Question 7

the consumers of the biosphere

Answer 7

Heterotrophs

Question 8

_________ are structurally similar to and likely evolved from photosynthetic bacteria. The structural organization of these cells allows for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis

Answer 8

Chloroplasts

Question 9

Major locations of photosynthesis

Answer 9

Leaves

Question 10

Where does the green color from leaves come from

Answer 10

Chlorophyll (green pigment) within chloroplasts

Question 11

What drives the synthesis of organic molecules in the chloroplast?

Answer 11

Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll

Question 12

Where does gas exchange (CO2 enters and O2 exits) occur?

Answer 12

Microscopic Pores (STOMATA)

Question 13

Where is chloroplast located/found?

Answer 13

Cells of MESOPHYLL (interior tissue of leaf)

Question 14

How many chloroplasts are there in a mesophyll cell?

Answer 14

30-40 chloroplasts

Question 15

Connected sacs in the chloroplast

Answer 15

Thylakoids

Question 16

Where is chlorophyll specifically located?

Answer 16

Thylakoids

Question 17

Stacked columns of thylakoids

Answer 17

Grana (plural), Granum (singular)

Question 18

Chloroplasts also contain _______, a dense fluid

Answer 18

Stroma

Question 19

Equation/Formula of Photosynthesis

Answer 19

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O

Question 20

Photosynthesis is a ________ process in which H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced

Answer 20

Redox

Question 21

Photosynthesis consists of the ___________ (the photo part) and ______________ (the synthesis part)

Answer 21

Light reactions, Calvin Cycle

Question 22

Location of Calvin cycle

Answer 22

Stroma

Question 23

Solar-powered chemical factories

Answer 23

Chloroplasts

Question 24

a form of electromagnetic energy, also called electromagnetic radiation

Answer 24

Light

Question 25

Like other electromagnetic energy, light travels in

Answer 25

Rhythmic waves

Question 26

Distance between crests of waves and determines the type of electromagnetic energy

Answer 26

Wavelength

Question 27

the entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation

Answer 27

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Question 28

Consists of wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see

Answer 28

Visible Light

Question 29

Light also behaves as though it consists of discrete particles, called

Answer 29

Photons

Question 30

What happens to wavelengths that are not absorbed?

Answer 30

Reflected or transmitted

Question 31

This measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths by sending light through pigments and measuring the fraction of light transmitted at each wavelength.

Answer 31

Spectrophotometer

Question 32

a graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength

Answer 32

Absorption spectrum

Question 33

profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process

Answer 33

Action spectrum

Question 34

Who first demonstrated action spectrum of photosynthesis?

Answer 34

Theodor W. Engelmann (1883)

Question 35

This consists of a reaction-center complex (a type of protein complex) surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

Answer 35

Photosystem

Question 36

This funnel the energy of photons to the reaction center

Answer 36

Light-harvesting complexes (pigment molecules bound to proteins)

Question 37

The two types of photosystems in thylakoid membrane

Answer 37

Photosystem II & Photosystem I

Question 38

The reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS II is called _____

Answer 38

P680

Question 39

The reaction-center chlorophyll a of PS I is called _____.

Answer 39

P700

Question 40

Two possible routes for electron flow (in light reactions), which are

Answer 40

Cyclic and Linear Electron Flow

Question 41

(Electron flow type) the primary pathway, involves both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH using light energy

Answer 41

Linear Electron flow

Question 42

(electron flow type) uses only photosystem I and produces ATP, but not NADPH

Answer 42

Cyclic electron flow

Question 43

______________________ generates surplus ATP, satisfying the higher demand in the Calvin cycle

Answer 43

Cyclic electron flow

Question 44

Organism that have PS I but not PS II

Answer 44

Purple sulfur bacteria

Question 45

Is thought to have evolved before linear electron flow and may protect cells from light-induced damage

Answer 45

Cyclic electron flow

Question 46

Mitochondria _____________________ from food to ATP; chloroplasts __________________ into the chemical energy of ATP

Answer 46

transfer chemical energy, transform light energy

Question 47

light reactions generate ATP and ____________________________ by moving them from H2O to NADPH

Answer 47

increase the potential energy of electrons