Light Independent Reaction

Question 1

This cycle regenerates its starting material after molecules enter and leave the cycle

Answer 1

Calvin Cycle

Question 2

Carbon enters the cycle as CO2 and leaves as a sugar named __________________

Answer 2

glyceraldehyde-3-phospate (G3P)

Question 3

For net synthesis of 1 G3P, the cycle must take place ______ times, fixing __ molecules of CO2

Answer 3

Three, 3

Question 4

Three phases of calvin cycle

Answer 4

• Carbon Fixation
• Reduction
• Regeneration of CO2 acceptor (RuBP)

Question 5

Explain Carbon Fixation

Answer 5

A molecule combines with a five-carbon acceptor molecule, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). This step makes a six-carbon compound that splits into two molecules of a three-carbon compound, 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA). This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase, or rubisco.

Question 6

RuBP Complete Name

Answer 6

Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate

Question 7

RuBisCo complete name

Answer 7

Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase

Or

RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase

Question 8

Molecules included/produced in Carbon Fixation

Answer 8

• RuBP
• short-lived intermediate/6 carbon molecule
• PGA (3-Phosphoglycerate)

Question 9

Explain Calvin Cycle 2nd Phase: REDUCTION

Answer 9

In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of a three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). This stage gets its name because NADPH donates electrons to, or reduces, a three-carbon intermediate to make G3P.

Question 10

What is the end product of phosphorylated PGA in reduction? (ATP lang muna)

Answer 10

1,3-Biphosphoglycerate

Question 11

What is the name of the molecule produced after the reduction phase of calvin cycle?

Answer 11

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P/GADP)

Question 12

Explain 3rd Phase of Calvin Cycle: Regeneration

Answer 12

Some G3P molecules go to make glucose, while others must be recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor. Regeneration requires ATP and involves a complex network of reactions. In order for one G3P to exit the cycle (and go towards glucose synthesis), three CO2 molecules must enter the cycle, providing three new atoms of fixed carbon. When CO2 molecules enter the cycle, six G3P molecules are made. One exits the cycle and is used to make glucose, while the other five must be recycled to regenerate three
molecules of the RuBP acceptor.

Question 13

How many ATP is needed in regeneration of RuBP?

Answer 13

3 ATP

Question 14

It would take ___ turns of the cycle, or _ CO2, __ ATP, and __ NADPH, to produce ___ molecule of glucose

Answer 14

Six
6
18
12
One