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Gen Bio > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Almost all plants are…

A

photosynthetic autotrophs

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2
Q

They generate their own organic matter through photosynthesis.

A

autotrophs

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3
Q

An energy that is transformed to energy stored in a form of chemical bond.

A

Sunlight Energy

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4
Q

An energy that is harvested by plants and and other photosynthetic autotrophs.

A

Light Energy

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5
Q

It is impregnated with photosynthetic pigments.

A

thylakoid membrane

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6
Q

2 Examples of Photosynthetic Pigments

A
  1. carotenoids
  2. chlorophylls
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7
Q

It absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy.

A

Chloroplasts

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8
Q

It is the process of by which autotrophic organism use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from CO2 and H20

A

Photosynthesis

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9
Q

The energy conversion of light reaction.

A

Solar Energy to Chemical Energy

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10
Q

What does the light reaction produced?

A

ATP and NADPH

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11
Q

What does the Calvin Cycle make out of carbon dioxide?

A

sugar

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12
Q

It provides energy for sugar synthesis.

A

ATP

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13
Q

It provides electrons for the reduction of CO2 to glucose

A

NADPH

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14
Q

The site of photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplasts

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15
Q

A fluid in chloroplasts.

A

stroma

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16
Q

Stacks of Thylakoid in Chloroplasts.

A

grana

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17
Q

Several pigments of chloroplasts.

A
  1. chlorophyll a
  2. chlorophyll b
  3. carotenoids
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18
Q

It has a methyl group.

A

Chlorophyll a

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19
Q

It has a carbonyl group.

A

Chlorophyll b

20
Q

A process for ATP generation associated with some photosynthetic bacteria.

A

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

21
Q

Photosystem II regains electrons by splitting water, leaving O2 gas as a by product.

A

Noncyclic photophosphorylation

22
Q

What powers the ATP synthesis in light reactions?

A

Chemiosmosis

23
Q

Equation for Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy= C6H12O6 + 6O2

24
Q

These reaction occurs in thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.

A

Light-Dependent Reaction

25
Q

In this reaction, Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, leading to the creation of high-energy molecules (ATP and NADPH).

A

Light Dependent Reaction

26
Q

In what phase does the water molecules are split?

A

photolysis

27
Q

This reaction takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts.

A

Calvin Cycle or Light - Independent Reaction

28
Q

This reaction utilizes ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

A

Light-Independent Reaction

29
Q

The cycle that involves a series of enzyme-controlled reactions, ultimately regenerating the starting molecule to continue the process.

A

Calvin Cycle

30
Q

What is the first stage of the light - dependent reaction?

A

Photosystem Absorption

31
Q

What are the 2 Photosystems?

A
  1. Photosystem I
  2. Photosystem II
32
Q

What is the 2nd stage of the light-dependent reaction?

A

Electron Transport Chain

33
Q

What energy does the 2 photosystems aborb that is embedded in the thylakoid membrane?

A

Light Energy

34
Q

High-energy electrons from PSII are passed through an electron transport chain, generating ATP through chemiosmosis.

A

Light - Dependent Reaction

35
Q

PSII also splits water molecules in a process called photolysis, releasing electrons, protons, and oxygen.

A

Light - Dependent Reaction

36
Q

Absorbs light, boosting electrons to a higher energy state.

A

Photosystem I

37
Q

These energized electrons are used to reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH.

A

Photosystem I

38
Q

Protons generated during the ETC create a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.

A

ATP Synthesis

39
Q

ATP synthase enzyme uses this gradient to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.

A

ATP Synthesis

40
Q

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere combines with a 5-carbon sugar (RuBP) with the help of the enzyme Rubisco.

A

Carbon Fixation

41
Q

This results in the formation of two 3-carbon molecules (3-PGA).

A

Carbon Fixation

42
Q

ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions are utilized.

A

Reduction Phase

43
Q

3-PGA is phosphorylated by ATP and then reduced by NADPH, resulting in the formation of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate).

A

Reduction Phase

44
Q

Some G3P molecules are used to regenerate RuBP to continue the cycle.

A

Regeneration of RuBP

45
Q

This requires additional ATP.

A

Regeneration of RuBP

Gen Bio (6 decks)

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