Photosynthesis Flashcards
theory of ancient Greek about photosynthesis
plants are soil eaters
contribution of Jan Baptiste van Helmont
experiment with willow plant, plant matter comes from water alone
contribution of Joseph Priestley
vegetation restores injured air, plants produce o2 or dephlogisticated air
contribution of jean senebier
photosynthesis depends on co2
Who stated that there are two gases involved in photosynthesis
Lavoisier
contribution of nicholas de saussure
water is an important requirement
co2 + h2o + light -> organic matter + o2
scientist who discovered that red and blue light are effective in producing o2 during photosynthesis
engelman
scientist that discovered chlorophyll which absorbs the light in photosynthesis
sachs
contribution of van Niel and Robin Hill
o2 came from water in a process called photolysis aka Hill’s reaction
final electron acceptor in photosynthesis
NADP+
definition of photosynthesis
anabolic, endergonic, co2 requiring process that uses light energy and water to produce organic macromolecules
complete equation of photosynthesis
6co2 + 12h2o + light energy -> c6h12o6 + 6o2 + 6h2o
What is oxidized and reduced in photosynthesis
oxidized: water is oxidized to oxygen
reduced: carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose
oxidation vs reduction (O, H, e-, energy)
oxidation: +O, -H, -e-, release energy, exergonic
reduction: -O, +H, +e-, stores energy, endergonic
main photosynthetic pigment
chlorophyll a
where are photosynthetic pigments located
inside thylakoid or cell membrane if cyanobacteria
function of accessory chlorophyll pigments
absorb different wavelengths of light energy and pass the energy to chlorophyll a
where is chlorophyll b found
all true plants
where is chlorophyll c found
golden brown and brown algae
where is chlorophyll d found
red algae
red algae have which chlorophyll pigments
a and d
light absorbing head of chlorophyll
porphyrin ring
what elements is at the center of chlorophyll
Mg
difference between chlorophyll a and b structure
a - CH3 end in porphyrin ring
b - CHO end in porphyrin ring
chlorophyll is what type of molecule
lipid
function of hydrocarbon tail in chlorophyll
interacts with hydrophobic regions of proteins inside thylakoid membrane
organisms with chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids
mosses, ferns, seed plants, green algae, euglenoids, prochlorophytes
organisms with chlorophylls a, c and carotenoids
diatoms, dinoflaagellates, brown algae
organisms with chlorophyll a, d, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins
red algae, cyanobacteria
function of phycobiliproteins
capture low light levels for deep water
composition of photosystem
major reaction center (chlorophyll a), accessory pigments, primary electron acceptor
p700
photosystem I
p680
photosystem II
function of carotenoids
protect chlorophyll from high energy that will degrade chlorophyll
which absorbs more light, chlorophyll a or b
b
graph plotting pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength
absorption spectrum
absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a suggests that __ and __ light work best for photosynthesis
violet-blue and red
profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths or radiation in driving a process
action spectrum
atp production in presence of light
photophosphorylation
strongest known biological oxidizing agent
P680+
first byproduct of linear electron flow
oxygen
what happens in cyclic electron flow
electrons cycle back from Fd to PS I reaction center
products of cyclic electron flow
ATP
is there oxygen released in cyclic electron flow
no
what photosystem is used in cyclic electron flow
PS I
where does calvin cycle occur
stroma
chemiosmosis in mitochondria vs chloroplasts
mitochondria - protons are pumped to the intermembrane space and diffuse back into mitochnodrial matrix
chloroplast - protons are pumped to the thylakoid space and diffuse back into stroma
c3 vs c4 plant structure
c3 - no chloroplast in bundle sheath cells
c4 - with chloroplast in bundle sheath cells so these are also photosynthetic
where does calvin cycle take place in C4 plants
photosynthetic bundle sheath cells
where does light rxn occur in c4 plants
mesophyll cells
where does calvin cycle occur in c4 plants
bundle sheath cells
c4 vs cam pathway
c4 - spatial separation
cam - temporal separation
when does light rxn occur in cam plants
day
