Cellular respiration Flashcards
breaking down of glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules
glycolysis
does glycolysis require oxygen
no
what is oxidized and reduced during cellular respiration
oxidized: glucose to carbon dioxide
reduced: oxygen to water
complete equation of cellular respiration
glucose + 6 oxygen -> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + energy
where does glycolysis occur
cytoplasm
products of glycolysis
2 pyruvate, 2 water, 2 atp, 2 nadh, 2h+
in animals, pyruvate is reduced to __ during fermentation
lactic acid
in plants, pyruvate is reduced to __ during fermentation
alcohol
lactic acid fermentation product
lactate x 2
alcohol fermentation product
2 alcohol (2C), 2 carbon dioxide
final electron acceptor of alcohol fermentation
acetaldehyde
two atp produced during fermentation are equivalent to __ kcal
14.6
complete oxidation of glucose yields __ kcal per molecule of glucose
686 kcal
how efficient is fermentation compared to cellular respiration
2.1%
where does transition reaction occur
matrix
where does citric acid cycle occur
matrix
where does etc occur
cristae
products of acetyl coa formation or transition reaction
2 acetyl coa, 2 carbon dioxide, 2 nadh
inputs to acetyl coa formation
2 pyruvate, 2 coa, 2 nad+
each acetyl group from the transition reaction is reduced to
2 carbon dioxide
citric acid cycle input
2 acetyl groups, 6 nad+, 2 fad, 2 adp + 2p
citric cycle output
4 carbon dioxide, 6 nadh, 2 fadh2, 2 atp
final electron acceptor in etc/cellular respiration
oxygen
final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation
pyruvate
energy flow sequence in cellular respiration
glucose -> NADH -> ETC -> proton-motive force -> ATP
what % of the glucose molecule is transferred to atp during cellular respiration
34%
equation for formation of water at the end of etc
1/2 O2 + 2e- + 2H+ -> water
processs that generates most of the atp
oxidative phosphorylation
smaller amount of atp is formed in glycolysis and citric acid cycle by __
substrate level phosphorylation
how is fat used in cellular respiration
glycerol - enters glycolysis for degradation
fatty acids - converted to acetyl Coa and enter citric acid cycle
how is protein used for cellular respiration
- broken down to amino acid
- amino acid is deaminated (remove amino group which becomes ammonia and is excreted)
- remaining carbon portion of amino acid enters respiration through glycolysis, acetyl coa formation or citric acid cycle
simplest amino acid
tryptophan
effect of temperature in cellular respiration
low respiration - 0 degrees celsius (undergoes hibernation or aevation)
denaturation if temp is > 40 degrees celsius
maximum: 35 40
effect of oxygen in cellular respiration
presence enables krebs and etc
absence leads to fermentation
effect of co2 concentration in cellular respiration
higher concentration retards respiration
effect of state of hydration to cellular respiration
dry seeds = low respiration
effect of age and type of tissue on cellular respiration
young = more respiration
