Cellular respiration

Question 1

breaking down of glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules

Answer 1

glycolysis

Question 2

does glycolysis require oxygen

Answer 2

no

Question 3

what is oxidized and reduced during cellular respiration

Answer 3

oxidized: glucose to carbon dioxide
reduced: oxygen to water

Question 4

complete equation of cellular respiration

Answer 4

glucose + 6 oxygen -> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + energy

Question 5

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

products of glycolysis

Answer 6

2 pyruvate, 2 water, 2 atp, 2 nadh, 2h+

Question 7

in animals, pyruvate is reduced to __ during fermentation

Answer 7

lactic acid

Question 8

in plants, pyruvate is reduced to __ during fermentation

Answer 8

alcohol

Question 9

lactic acid fermentation product

Answer 9

lactate x 2

Question 10

alcohol fermentation product

Answer 10

2 alcohol (2C), 2 carbon dioxide

Question 11

final electron acceptor of alcohol fermentation

Answer 11

acetaldehyde

Question 12

two atp produced during fermentation are equivalent to __ kcal

Answer 12

14.6

Question 13

complete oxidation of glucose yields __ kcal per molecule of glucose

Answer 13

686 kcal

Question 14

how efficient is fermentation compared to cellular respiration

Answer 14

2.1%

Question 15

where does transition reaction occur

Answer 15

matrix

Question 16

where does citric acid cycle occur

Answer 16

matrix

Question 17

where does etc occur

Answer 17

cristae

Question 18

products of acetyl coa formation or transition reaction

Answer 18

2 acetyl coa, 2 carbon dioxide, 2 nadh

Question 19

inputs to acetyl coa formation

Answer 19

2 pyruvate, 2 coa, 2 nad+

Question 20

each acetyl group from the transition reaction is reduced to

Answer 20

2 carbon dioxide

Question 21

citric acid cycle input

Answer 21

2 acetyl groups, 6 nad+, 2 fad, 2 adp + 2p

Question 22

citric cycle output

Answer 22

4 carbon dioxide, 6 nadh, 2 fadh2, 2 atp

Question 23

final electron acceptor in etc/cellular respiration

Answer 23

oxygen

Question 24

final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation

Answer 24

pyruvate

Question 25

energy flow sequence in cellular respiration

Answer 25

glucose -> NADH -> ETC -> proton-motive force -> ATP

Question 26

what % of the glucose molecule is transferred to atp during cellular respiration

Answer 26

34%

Question 27

equation for formation of water at the end of etc

Answer 27

1/2 O2 + 2e- + 2H+ -> water

Question 28

processs that generates most of the atp

Answer 28

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 29

smaller amount of atp is formed in glycolysis and citric acid cycle by __

Answer 29

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 30

how is fat used in cellular respiration

Answer 30

glycerol - enters glycolysis for degradation
fatty acids - converted to acetyl Coa and enter citric acid cycle

Question 31

how is protein used for cellular respiration

Answer 31

1. broken down to amino acid
2. amino acid is deaminated (remove amino group which becomes ammonia and is excreted)
3. remaining carbon portion of amino acid enters respiration through glycolysis, acetyl coa formation or citric acid cycle

Question 32

simplest amino acid

Answer 32

tryptophan

Question 33

effect of temperature in cellular respiration

Answer 33

low respiration - 0 degrees celsius (undergoes hibernation or aevation)

denaturation if temp is > 40 degrees celsius

maximum: 35 40

Question 34

effect of oxygen in cellular respiration

Answer 34

presence enables krebs and etc
absence leads to fermentation

Question 35

effect of co2 concentration in cellular respiration

Answer 35

higher concentration retards respiration

Question 36

effect of state of hydration to cellular respiration

Answer 36

dry seeds = low respiration

Question 37

effect of age and type of tissue on cellular respiration

Answer 37

young = more respiration