Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > photosynthesis > Flashcards

photosynthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

sunlight
carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen
chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

sunlight
6CO2 + 6H20 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define photolysis

A

the splitting of a molecule using light energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

phosphorylation definition

A

adding phosphate to a molecule e.g. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define photophosphorylation

A

adding phosphate to a molecule using light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

redox reactions: oxidation and reduction (OIL RIG)

A

reduction - gaining electrons, may have gained hydrogen or lost oxygen
oxidation - losing electrons, may have lost hydrogen and gained oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is ATP synthesised?

A
  • phosphorylation of ADP using energy from an energy releasing reaction e.g. breakdown of glucose in respiration
  • energy is stored as chemical energy in the phosphate bond
  • enzyme ATP synthase catalyses this reaction
  • ATP diffuses to the part of the cell that needs energy
  • broken down by hydrolysis back into ADP and inorganic phosphate
  • chemical energy released from the phosphate bond –> ATPase catalyses this reaction
  • ADP and inorganic phosphate are recycled and process starts again
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define coenzyme

A

a molecule that aids the function of an enzyme –> transfer a chemical group from one molecule to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of NADP

A

transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another - can reduce or oxidise a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

light dependent reaction

A
  • reaction needs light energy
  • takes place in thylakoid membranes
  • light energy is absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in the photosystems and converted to chemical energy
  • light energy adds a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP, forms reduced NADP
  • ATP transfers energy and reduced NADP transfers hydrogen to the light-independent reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

light independent reaction (Calvin cycle)

A
  • doesn’t use light energy
  • takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts
  • ATP and reduced NADP from the light-dependent reaction supply the energy and hydrogen to make glucose from CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

products of light dependent reactions

A
  • reduced NADP
  • ATP
  • oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is produced in non cyclic photophosphorylation?

A
  • ATP
  • reduced NADP
  • oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens in non cyclic photophosphorylation?

A
  • light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll
  • photolysis of water produces protons (H+ ions), electrons and O2
  • energy from the excited electrons makes ATP
  • this generates reduced NADP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

products of cyclic photophosphorylation

A

only ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

differences between cyclic and non cyclic photophosphorylation

A
  • non cyclic uses both PSII and PSI
  • non cyclic produces both ATP and reduced NADP
  • cyclic only produces ATP and only uses PSI
17
Q

where does the calvin cycle take place?

A

stroma

18
Q

what does the calvin cycle make?

A
  • glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GALP) from CO2 and ribulose bisphosphate (5C)
19
Q

what happens in the calvin cycle?

A
  • carbon dioxide is combined with ribulose bisphosphate to form two molecules of glycerate 3-phosphate
  • ATP and reduced NADP are required for the reduction of GP to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
  • ribulose bisphosphate is regenerated
20
Q

Describe how starch is formed from the products of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis (4 marks)

A
  • two GALP are used to produce a glucose molecule.
  • glucose molecules are joined together by glycosidic bonds
  • to form starch by condensation reactions
  • which produces amylose and amylopectin
21
Q

Describe the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis (5 marks)

A
  • light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll
  • photolysis - water is split to produce oxygen, electrons and hydrogen ions
  • electrons used in the electron transport chain to replace those lost by chlorophyll
  • ATP is generated ( ATP —> ADP + Pi)
  • NADP is reduced

biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions