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Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name 2 uses of ATP

A
  1. Provides energy for active transport/muscle contraction/protein synthesis
  2. Phosphorylation- Binds to enzymes or substrates (Lowers Ea, or makes molecule more reactive.
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2
Q

Why is atp so useful

A

It can:
Release energy in small amounts
Be broken down in one step
Make energy available rapidly
Phosphorylate
Make phosphorylated substances more reactive
Can be reformed

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3
Q

What is NADP

A

A molecule that acts as a hydrogen acceptor and becomes reduced NADP/NADPH

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4
Q

What does photosynthesis cinvert light energy into?

A

Chemical

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5
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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6
Q

What are the 2 stages by which photosynthesis occurs through

A

LDR
LIR

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7
Q

What are the products of light dependent reactions

A

ATP NADPH and O2

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8
Q

What is required for light dependent reactions to occur

A

Light and water

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9
Q

What is needed for light INDEPENDENT reactions to occur

A

ATP, NADPH and CO2

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10
Q

What is produced from LIR’s

A

Glucose and other organic compounds

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11
Q

What does photoionisation cause chlorphyll to do

A

Oxidise, releasing excited electron

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12
Q

Where do high energy electrons move once released from chlorophyll

A

Into the electron transport chain

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13
Q

What is the electron transport chain used for

A

Used to give energy to proton pump which creates an electrochemical gradient

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14
Q

Why is an electrochemical gradient needed

A

For protons to diffuse through ATP synthase (photophosphorylation) which provides energy to synthesise ATP

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15
Q

What can the products of photolysis be used for

A

Electrons can be used to replace those released by chlorophyll from photoionisation
H+ and associated electron can be used to reduce NADP
(O2 is a useful waste product)

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16
Q

What are the products of photlysis

A

4H+, 4e- and O2

17
Q

How are protons pumped into the thylakoid space

A

using energy released from electrons

18
Q

where does photolysis occur

A

in the thylakoid space

19
Q

what are the three stages of the calvin cycle

A

Carbon fixation
Reduction
Regeneration

20
Q

What happens in the carbon fixation stage

A

RuBP accepts CO2 in a reaction that is catalysed by rubisco, this forms 2 x GP molecules

21
Q

What happens during the reduction phase?

A

GP is reduced into Triose Phosphate
Requires the oxidation of NADPH
Requires ATP

22
Q

What happens to Triose phosphate in the calvin cycle

A

Converted into useful organic compounds
Used to regenerate RuBP

23
Q

What happens in the regeneration stage

A

Triose Phosphate is used to regenerate RuBP using phosphate from ATP

Biology (6 decks)

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