Phospholipids- Brar

Question 1

What are the chemical properties of phospholipids?

Answer 1

Two types:
1.Glycerol backbone
2.Sphingosine backbone
Important part of cell membrane, lung surfactant, PAF and play a role in generating lipid signaling molecules
Made in the ER

Question 2

What are the chemical properties of cerebrosides?

Answer 2

Have a glucose or galactose unit connected to the terminal OH group by a glycosidic bond

Question 3

What are the chemical properties of ceramides?

Answer 3

• A sphingosine with a single acyl group attached via an amide linkage
• Can be further altered by addition of groups to terminal OH group

Question 4

What are the chemical properties of sphingolipids?

Answer 4

• Formed from serine and a fatty acid

- Used for membranes

Question 5

What are 2 examples of glycerophospholipids and their functions?

Answer 5

1. phosphatidic acid-precursor to other phospholipids and TAGs (made from glc or derived from Phospholipase D)- can be made anywhere except RBCs (no nucleus)
2. cardiolipin- antigenic- recognized by antibodies against syphilis bacterium

Question 6

What is Barth syndrome?

Answer 6

• Infantile cardiomyopathy plus many other symptoms
• Linked to X chromosome defect in a cardiolipin processing gene
• Abnormal composition of cardiolipin

Question 7

What is the cleavage site of Phospholipase A1?

Answer 7

cuts off the 1st fatty acid tail

Question 8

What is the cleavage site of Phospholipase A2?

Answer 8

cuts off the 2nd fatty acid tail (produces PAF)

Question 9

What is the cleavage site of Phospholipase C?

Answer 9

cuts off the phosphate AND polar head group (produces IP3 and DAG)

Question 10

What is the cleavage site of Phospholipase D?

Answer 10

D cuts off just the polar head group (produces phosphatidic acid)