PHOP

Question 1

Sebutkan contoh determinant internal!

Answer 1

o	Pengetahuan
o	Sikap/persepsi/beliefs
o	Penerimaan terhadap pengaruh luar
o	Motivasi
o	Readiness to change 
o	Pengalaman masa lalu 
o	Niat

Question 2

Sebutkan contoh determinan external!

Answer 2

o	Pengaruh orang lain
o	Dukungan positif orang lain
o	Dukungan negatif orang lain 
	Orang lain siapa?
•	Fasilitas 
•	Program 
•	Kebijikan
•	Peraturan
•	Organizational: perception of authorities/stakeholders, regulations, budget adequacy

Question 3

Phase in the intervention mapping

Answer 3

Phase 1: Social assessment
Phase 2: Epidemiological assessment
Phase 3: behavioral & enviironmental assessment
Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment
Phase 5: administration & policy assessment
Phase 6: Implementation
Phase 7: Process evaluation
Phase 8: Impact evaluation
Phase 9: Outcome evaluation

Question 4

Sebutkan contoh determinant internal lainnya

Answer 4

o Perceived value (Theory of reasoned action)
o Attitude toward the behavior, Subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (Theory of Planned Behavior)
o Perceived risk, perceived severity, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action: social support, media (Health Beliefs Model)
o Self efficacy, social factors, other environmental factors: facilities (Social Cognitive Theory)

Question 5

Sebutkan upaya kesehatan dalam promosi kesehatan

Answer 5

perencanaan (planning), Pelaksanaan (implementation), penilaian (Evaluation)

Question 6

Sebutkan tombol kendali sistem kesehatan!

Answer 6

Pembayaran, pembiayaan, Organisasi, Perilaku, Regulasi

Question 7

Ukuran Kinerja Antara (intermediate performance measures)

Answer 7

Status kesehatan, kepuasaan pengguna, perlindungan terhadap resiko

Question 8

Why is theory important?

Answer 8

• biar efektif
• improve well being
• success require behavior change, but gasemua equally successful
• Those most likely to achieve desired outcomes are based on a clear understanding of targeted health behaviors, and the environmental context in which they occur
• Practitioners use strategic planning models to develop and manage these programs and continually improve them through meaningful evaluation

Question 9

What is theory?

Answer 9

o Presents a systematic way of understanding events or situations
o A set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain or predict these events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables
o Must be applicable to a broad variety of situations
o By nature, abstract and does not have a specified content or topic area
o Has shapes and boundaries, but nothing inside
o Become useful when filled with practical topics, goals, and problems

Question 10

How can theory help plan effective programs?

Answer 10

o Theory gives planners tools for moving beyond intuition to design and evaluate health behavior. It helps them to step back and consider the larger picture
o Like an artist, a program planner who grounds health interventions in theory creates innovative ways to address specific circumstances
o Using theory as a foundation for program planning and development is consistent with the current emphasis on using evidence-based interventions in public health, behavioural medicine, and medicine
o Theory provides a road map for studying problems, developing appropiate interventions & evaluating their successes
o Theory can inform the planner’s thining during all of these stages offering insights that translate into stronger programs
o Theory can help to explain the dynamics of health behaviors, including processess for changing them, and the influences of the many forces that affect health behaviors, including social and physical environments
o Theory can help planners identify the most suitable target audiences, methods for fostering change and outcomes for evaluation

Question 11

explain about explanatory theory

Answer 11

o Describes the reasons why a problem exists
o Guides the search for factors that contribute to a problem and can be changed
o Example:
 The Health Belief Model
 The Theory of Planned Behavior
 The Precaution Adoption Process Model

Question 12

explain about change theory

Answer 12

o Guides the development of health interventions
o Spells out concepts that can be translated into program messages and strategies, and offers a basis for program evaluation
o Helps program planners to be explicit about their assumptions for why a program will work
o Examples: Community Organization and Diffusion of Innovations

Question 13

Multiple approach to epidemiology

Answer 13

• Social and Economic Policies
• Institutions
• Neighborhoods and Communities
• Living Conditions
• Social Relationships
• Individual Risk Factors
• Genetic/ Constitutional Factors
• Patophysiological Pathways
• Individual/ Population Health