PhonologyRevision Flashcards
assimilation
When two sounds change to become closer to neighbouring sounds.
vowel reduction
Vowels in unstressed positions are reduced to a schwa.
elision
The omission of a sound in connected speech
Prosodic feature
Phonological properties that relate to the pronunciation of syllables, words and phrases.
pitch
Relative highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear.
Pitch tends to rise to express excitement.
Lower pitch voiced is often used to express seriousness or authority.
intonation
The pattern of pitch changes in speech.
- Grammatical purpose
- Personal attitudes
High Rising Terminal (HRT)
Declarative sentences end with a rising pitch similar to that typically found in interrogatives.
- Marker of insecurity
- Floor holding strategy
- check listener is following and understanding
- invite feedback
- establish solidarity, empathy and rapport.
tempo
The speed at which somebody speaks. Help indicates emotional state and grammatical features such as parenthetical aside.
Pauses in speech can contribute to slow tempo. Slow tempo can be for dramatic effect of elicit emotional response from listener
stress
The degree of strength used to produce a syllable/ word/ phrase. Stress is marked by a movement or sustention of pitch when uttering the stressed syllable.
emphatic stress
the placing of emphasis on a particular word of a sentence. This is typically used to connect, clarify, compare, or highlight ideas.
volume
How loud or soft a speaker’s voice is.
alliteration
Repetition of an initial consonant sound.
-makes a text more memorable
-instinct to play creatively with language
assonance
Repetition of identical vowel sounds within words.
consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds in words. (can occur anywhere alliteration is an example of consonance)
onomatopoeia
A word formed by the imitation of a sound.
