Phonology and Prosody Flashcards
Give 5 examples of Prosodic Features
1) Intonation
2) Stress
3) Rhythm
4) Volume
5) Pitch
Name the 5 simplifcation stategies a child may take on in Speech
1) Substitution
2) Deletion
3) Assimilation
4) Reduplication
5) Consonant Cluster Reduction (through the other 5)
What type of syllable do children typically delete?
The unstressed syllable
What are the… types of substitution?
1) Stopping
2) Denasalisation
3) Fronting
4) Gliding
What else should you look out for when analysing phonology in CLA?
Imitation or correction of the MKO
What 5 theorist should be considered for phonology?
1) Eva Clark - Simplification Strategies
2) Pamela Grunwell - Phoneme Acquisition
3) Skinner - MKO/Scaffolding
4) Vygotsky - Zone of Proximal Development
What is stopping?
when a child substitutes a stop for a fricative or affricative sound
What is denasalisation?
when a child substitutes a stop for a nasal
What is fronting?
when a child substitutes a sound produced at the back of the mouth (a dorsal velar or glottal) with a sound produced at the front (a coronal dental, alveolar, postalveolar or palatal)
What is gliding?
What is a gestalt expression?
Compressing a string of words into a single utterance as they have not been able to segment
(eg. ‘what’s that?’ = ‘wassat?’). It is also argued that these are constructions which the child
is using as units of language.
Why might a child randomly produce sounds with no meaning?
Phonetic play
Plosives form most of the first sounds produced by 24 months, but the sounds produced are mainly those created by using the tongue and teeth (n, m) and the lips (p, b). These sounds mostly fall into the stop’ consonants and voiced categories, with their voiceless counterparts (f, s) produced Later.
Fricatives appear later because physical control of speech organs is needed, especially a more delicate control of the tongue and the lips; children often replace fricatives with stop consonants in early sounds.
Understanding the order in which children acquire consonant sounds, and the ways the sounds are produced, helps in interpreting the typical phonological ‘errors’ they make.
