PHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS (LL) Flashcards
phonology
the study of the sound system of a particular language
phonetics
the study of how sounds are produced
phoneme
the basic units of sound from which language is constructed
homophone
words that are pronounced the same but have different spellings
heterophone
words that have the same spelling but very different meaning
International Phonetic Alphabet
a system where each symbol is associated with a particular English sound
consonant
a sound which involves the restriction of airflow by the vocal organs
vowel
a sound which does not involve any restriction of airflow in the mouth
articulators
the vocal organs above the larynx
place of articulation
where in the mouth the sound is produced
manner of articulation
wether a sound has its airflow obstructed or not by any of the articulators
plosive consonant
produced by the articulators coming together to stop the airflow and then being released eg. b, p, k, t
fricative consonant
produced by the articulators positioned together but a small gap remaining through which the sound comes eg. f, v, s, z
affricative consonant
produced by the articulators coming together then realised but in a way that is similar to the friction sound eg. d3, tƒ
nasal consonants
produced by articulators stopping the airflow with a release through the nose eg. m, n
lateral consonants
produced by articulators coming together and air being released over the sides of the tongue eg. I (alveolar)
approximant consonants
produced in a. similar way to other consonant sounds but without the articulators fully coming together eg. w, r, j
diphthong
a combination of two sounds where a speaker moves from an initial sound to a second sound across the vowel
5 prosodic features
- intonation and pitch
- volume
- speed
- pause
- stress
sound iconicity
the matching of a sound to an aspect of meaning
lexical onomatopoeia
clear association between the sound of a word and its meaning eg. drip
non-lexical onomatopoeia
non words whose sounds are intended to signify some meaning eg. brmmm for a car
homophonic pun
a play on words based on words that sound the same but have different meaning eg. fork handles / four candles
homonymic pun
a play on words based on words that look the same but aren’t eg. being a mortician is a GRAVE business
minimal pair
two words that differ in only one sound eg. hobbit and habit
