PHONOLOGY AND PHONETICS

Question 1

phonology

Answer 1

the study of the sound system of a particular language

Question 2

phonetics

Answer 2

the study of how sounds are produced

Question 3

phoneme

Answer 3

the basic units of sound from which language is constructed

Question 4

homophone

Answer 4

words that are pronounced the same but have different spellings

Question 5

heterophone

Answer 5

words that have the same spelling but very different meaning

Question 6

International Phonetic Alphabet

Answer 6

a system where each symbol is associated with a particular English sound

Question 7

consonant

Answer 7

a sound which involves the restriction of airflow by the vocal organs

Question 8

vowel

Answer 8

a sound which does not involve any restriction of airflow in the mouth

Question 9

articulators

Answer 9

the vocal organs above the larynx

Question 10

place of articulation

Answer 10

where in the mouth the sound is produced

Question 11

manner of articulation

Answer 11

wether a sound has its airflow obstructed or not by any of the articulators

Question 12

plosive consonant

Answer 12

produced by the articulators coming together to stop the airflow and then being released eg. b, p, k, t

Question 13

fricative consonant

Answer 13

produced by the articulators positioned together but a small gap remaining through which the sound comes eg. f, v, s, z

Question 14

affricative consonant

Answer 14

produced by the articulators coming together then realised but in a way that is similar to the friction sound eg. d3, tƒ

Question 15

nasal consonants

Answer 15

produced by articulators stopping the airflow with a release through the nose eg. m, n

Question 16

lateral consonants

Answer 16

produced by articulators coming together and air being released over the sides of the tongue eg. I (alveolar)

Question 17

approximant consonants

Answer 17

produced in a. similar way to other consonant sounds but without the articulators fully coming together eg. w, r, j

Question 18

diphthong

Answer 18

a combination of two sounds where a speaker moves from an initial sound to a second sound across the vowel

Question 19

5 prosodic features

Answer 19

• intonation and pitch
• volume
• speed
• pause
• stress

Question 20

sound iconicity

Answer 20

the matching of a sound to an aspect of meaning

Question 21

lexical onomatopoeia

Answer 21

clear association between the sound of a word and its meaning eg. drip

Question 22

non-lexical onomatopoeia

Answer 22

non words whose sounds are intended to signify some meaning eg. brmmm for a car

Question 23

homophonic pun

Answer 23

a play on words based on words that sound the same but have different meaning eg. fork handles / four candles

Question 24

homonymic pun

Answer 24

a play on words based on words that look the same but aren’t eg. being a mortician is a GRAVE business

Question 25

minimal pair

Answer 25

two words that differ in only one sound eg. hobbit and habit