Phonology

Question 1

what is phonology?

Answer 1

the study of speech sounds and their PATTERNS, and the RULES that dictate sounds combinations to create words

Question 2

what does phonological therapy focus on?

Answer 2

-elimanating phonological processes and distinctive features

Question 3

phonology VS articulation

Answer 3

artic- motor aspects only, individual sounds in 1 of 3 positions, accepts only EXACT production

phonology-rule based, looks as system of speech production, accepts approximations of the sound/process

Question 4

phonology vs articulation: what does therapy begin with?

Answer 4

artic- auditory discrimination
phonology- auditory bombardment is only discrimination task presented (reading words/sounds exaggerated while child plays)

Question 5

what does remediation begin with?

Answer 5

taking a phonemic inventory and choose target processes

Question 6

when choosing target processes, what must you consider?

Answer 6

• using those phonemes a child can prodce in order to teach a process
• need to carefully examine all errors to choose and pick the appropriate target phonemes

Question 7

deletion of final consonants

Answer 7

omission of a single consonant that end a word or syllable

ex) cat is ca, house is hou

Question 8

final consonant deletion should be eliminated by

Answer 8

2-3.3 years

Question 9

example of a goal for final consonant deletion

Answer 9

The child will eliminate deletion of final consonants in single words with minimal cueing 70% of the time.

Question 10

initial voicing

Answer 10

replacing a voiceless consonant with a voiced sound

ex) pig is big, car is gar

Question 11

initial voicing should be eliminated by..

Answer 11

2-3 years of age

Question 12

cueing idea for voicing

Answer 12

“motor on” or “motor off”

Question 13

syllable reduction

Answer 13

an unstressed or weak syllable is omitted

ex) teLEphone becomes teFone, TOmato becomes medo

Question 14

when should syllable reduction disappear?

Answer 14

by age 2-4

Question 15

what might therapy consist of when trying to eliminate syllable reduction?

Answer 15

teach “syllableness”

• clapping
• marching

“i heard all parts of the word!”

Question 16

palatal fronting

Answer 16

replacing a palatal sound with an alveolar sound

ex) ship is sip, shoe is su

Question 17

when should palatal fronting disappear?

Answer 17

2-3 years

Question 18

therapy ideas for palatal fronting

Answer 18

quiet VS. snake sound

shhhhh and ssssss

Question 19

deaffrication

Answer 19

replacing a affricate with a continuant phoneme or with a stop

ex) jump become dump, church become turt

Question 20

when should deaffrication disappear?

Answer 20

3.6- 4 years old

Question 21

velar fronting

Answer 21

replacing a velar with a sound that is made closer to the front of the mouth

ex) kiss is tiss, giv is div

Question 22

when should velar fronting disappear?

Answer 22

2-3.3 years old

Question 23

idea for velar fronting therapy

Answer 23

teach front vs back of mouth

“you made the back sound!”

Question 24

consonant harmony

Answer 24

altering a phoneme so that it takes on a characteristic (place or manner) of another sound in he word or phrase

ex) dog, gog

Question 25

when should consonant harmony disappear?

Answer 25

2-2.8 years

Question 26

consonant harmony therapy

Answer 26

• only process not worked on directly because 1 sound change could be multiple processes
• which processes are excessively used?
• use sounds in child’s repertoire to teach rule, if there is no generalizations then use artic therapy to teach sounds

Question 27

stopping of fricatives and affricates

Answer 27

a stop is produced instead of a fricative or affricate

ex) funny becomes punny, jump becomes dump

Question 28

when should stopping disappear?

Answer 28

wide variation- 2-5+

Question 29

therapy ideas for stopping

Answer 29

some sounds stop and some sounds go

Question 30

cluster simplification

Answer 30

ommision of one or more sound segments from 2 or more continuous consonants

ex) spider-pider

Question 31

when should cluster simplification disappear?

Answer 31

2-3.8 years in inital position, later in others

Question 32

cluster simplification therapy ideas

Answer 32

“bringing 2 sounds together”

Question 33

final devoicing

Answer 33

a voiced consonant in final position is devoiced

ex) red-ret, bag-bak

Question 34

when should final devoicing disappear?

Answer 34

2-3 years

Question 35

final devoicing therapy

Answer 35

• must practice in full words because process occurs in final position
• motor on vs off

Question 36

liquid simplification

Answer 36

“liquid gliding”
glides are substituted for liquids

ex) rabbit-wabbit, love-wove

last process eliminated usually, because liquids develop later