Articulation Flashcards
what does articulation refer to?`
the MANNER in which a child produces a sound
- voiced/voiceless
- placement of articulators
classifications of artic disorders
FUNCTION
ORGANIC
MIXED
functional
when there is no known pathology that is causing speech sound errors
ex) maybe modeling, reinforcement at home
it is not significant to know WHY
organic
speech sound errors result from known physical reasons
- cleft palate
- hearing impairment
- neurological dysfunction
mixed
sometimes children exhibit both types of articulation disorders
ex) a child with CP shows an interdental lisp
omissions
when a sound is left out
/bout/ becomes /bou/
/house/ becomes /hou/
substitutions
when a sound is replaced with a different sound
/r/ becomes /w/
rabbit-wabbit
distortions
standard sound is substituted with a non-standard sound
/soup/ becomes /chsoup/
additions
adding a sound
blue becomes balue
what sound is usually added in additions and why?
SCHWA is usually added in the middle of clusters because it makes them easier to produce
what are the most common phonemic errors?
/s/
/l/
/r/
what are the two approaches to choosing therapy targets?
developmental and nondevelopmental
developmental approach
based on norms
- refer to average age children master each sound
- if sound should have been mastered already, work on it
nondevelopmental approach
not necessarily based on norms, but based on
- sound most relevant to child (his name)
- sound that the child is most stimulable for
- sounds that are most visible
articulation tests
take all sounds in english and look at them in single word sentences in initial, medial, and final positions
ex) Goldman Fristoe and Photo Articulation Test
