Phonology Flashcards
Phonology
The study of sounds in language
Phonetics
The study of actual sounds in speech, considering how sounds are physically articulated and phenomena such as accents.
Phonemes
The basic units of sound, from which language in constructed.
Homophone
Words that sound the same, but have different meaning and/or spelling
Diphthongs
Long vowel sounds. When you produce them, the tongue moves from one position to another.
Prosodic Features
The vocal aspects of speech (Timing, Tempo, Loudness, Pitch/Intonation, Stress) that contribute to meaning and correct pronunication
Timing/Tempo
The varying speed and spacing at which we speak. Temp can also sign grammatical boundaries
Loudness
The volume at which we speak
Pitch
The rising and falling of intonation in speech
Stress
The degree of force or emphasis with which a syllable is articulated.
Filled Pause
Serves the same purpose as a pause, except it contains some vocal utterance.
“err” “arr” “um”
Discourse Particle
Serves no semantic purpose, instead simply helps the discourse continue and flow.
“So” “Anyway” “Yeah, Nah” “Like”
Flapping
A single rapid contact between two organs of speech, such as between the tip of the tongue and the teeth ridge in the pronunciation of “t” in the work “latter”.
Accent
A distinctive way of pronouncing a language
Recieved Pronunciation
The prestige (The most highly valued) and regional neutral accent of British English.
Elision
The slurring or omission of certain sounds in a phonological context.
Assimilation
Sounds changing their shape to become more alike. (Occurs due to state of vocal chords, and place or manner of articulation)
“Right” “Britain” “hatchet”
Reduction
Losing or reducing sounds through speech (EG, Deletion or Assimilation)
Addition
Sounds being added in speech where they previously didn’t exist.
“Ado” -> “Adew”
Dimunitives
A suffix added (Or replacing another) to a common or proper noun that indicates smallness, affection or dissmisal.
Max -> Maxy
Reduplication
Repetition process where all or part of the stem of a word is repeated, resulting in a kind of compound.
“Shilly Shally”
“School Shmool”
Alliteration
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
Test Toast
Assonance
The repetition of similarly stressed vowel sounds for special effects.
Rest Pest
Rhyme
The recurring pattern of identical or similar sounds at the end of two or more different words
