Phonology Flashcards
What does IPA stand for?
International Phonetic Alphabet
What are Paralinguistic Features?
Related to body language - it is the use of gestures, facial expressions + other non-verbal elements to add meaning to the speaker’s message beyond the words being spoken.
What are Prosodic Features?
Aspects of speech apart from words, different ‘ways’ of saying things.
What does Volume refer to in VPITS?
How loud a speaker’s voice is during a text.
What does Pitch refer to in VPITS?
Vary how high or low speech is by changing the rate at which vocal cords vibrate.
What does Intonation refer to in VPITS?
Patterns of change in pitch.
What does Tempo refer to in VPITS?
Speed at which a text is spoken.
What does Stress refer to in VPITS?
The syllable that is given prominence in a word or phrase.
What is Elision?
Sometimes in rapid speech, sounds are omitted.
What is Insertion?
Sometimes sounds are added. People will often add vowel sounds in between difficult clusters of consonants as a way of simplifying them.
What is Assimilation?
Sounds and syllables can be affected by neighbouring sounds.
What is Vowel Reduction?
Vowels in unstressed positions are reduced to a /schwa/.
Phonological patterning
AACORR
Alliteration
the repetition of phonemes at the beginning of words in a phrase,
clause or sentence
Assonance
the repetition of vowel phonemes across phrases, clauses or sentences
Consonance
the repetition of consonant phonemes, often at syllable-
final boundaries
Onomatopoeia
the process by which evocative words are created from the
sounds they represent
Rhythm
created when the intonation of a set of words is repeated across two
or more phrases, clauses or sentences
Rhyme
refers to the repetition of similar phonemes at the ends of two or more
words. This entails the direct manipulation of consonance and assonance in
word-final syllables
