Phonology

Question 1

What is Phonology?

Answer 1

Phonology is the study of abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language.

Question 2

What is a spectrogram?

Answer 2

A spectrogram is a graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.

Question 3

What is a phone?

Answer 3

A physical realization of a speech sound like the voiceless or the voiced alveolar approximant.

Question 4

Allophones of the Phoneme

Answer 4

Phones which function as alternant realizations of the same phoneme.

Question 5

Narrow Transcription

Answer 5

Additional articulatory details in the transcription.

Question 6

Distribution

Answer 6

The different positions in which a speech sound can occur or cannot occur in the words of a language.

Question 7

Complementary Distribution

Answer 7

Two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot occur.

Question 8

Minimal Pairs

Answer 8

A pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning.

Question 9

Neutralisation

Answer 9

Refers to the fact that in a particular context, a
contrast between phonemes becomes invisible.

Question 10

Final Devoicing

Answer 10

Voiced phoneme has a voiceless allophone in word-final position.

Question 11

Aspiration

Answer 11

The process of aspirating stops.

Question 12

Flapping

Answer 12

A consonant sound produced by a single quick flip of the tongue against the upper part of the mouth.

Question 13

Constituents

Answer 13

A word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.

Question 14

Syllabic Consonants

Answer 14

Consonants which occupy the central part of the syllable.

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

The central part of the syllable.

Question 16

Onset

Answer 16

The initial phonological unit of any word.

Question 17

Coda

Answer 17

The final part of the syllable, placed after the central part of a syllable and usually containing multiple consonants.

Question 18

Vowel Epenthesis

Answer 18

The insertion of vowels into syllables.

Question 19

Syllabification

Answer 19

Assigning syllable structure to words.

Question 20

Maximal Onset
Principle

Answer 20

A principle determining underlying syllable division.

Question 21

Sonority

Answer 21

The perceptibility or distinctness of speech sounds when spoken in a context in which stress, pitch, and sound duration are constant.

Question 22

Sonority Sequencing
Principle

Answer 22

Onsets must rise in sonority and codas must fall in sonority.

Question 23

Phoneme

Answer 23

A sound or a group of different sounds perceived to have the same function by speakers of the language or dialect in question.

Question 24

Phonetics

Answer 24

A branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign.

Question 25

Linguist

Answer 25

A person skilled in foreign languages or a person who studies linguistics.

Question 26

References

Answer 26

Chapter 1 what is phonology? - Cambridge University Press & Assessment. (n.d.-a). https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/31449/excerpt/9781107031449_excerpt.pdf