Phonological Processes Flashcards
phonological processes
simplifications of adult sounds that presumably affect entire sound classes
phonological disorder
when a normal or natural process of sound production is no longer natural
Syllable structure patterns
describe the sound changes that modify the syllabic structure of words as a child attempts to produce the adult target
Unstressed Syllable deletion
also known as weak syllable deletion; describes the ommission of one or more syllable from a polysyllabic word
ex. /ɛfənt/ for elephant
Reduplication
the total or partial repetition of a syllable of a target word, creating a multi-syllabic word
ex. /baba/ for bottle
Diminutization
addition of /l/ or sometimes [Ci] to target word
ex. /kʌpi/ for cup
Epenthesis
addition of an unstressed vowel, usually /ə/
ex. /pəlet/ for plate
Final Consonant Deletion
the omission of final singleton consonant as well as a deletion of all members of a final consonant cluster
ex. /da/ for dog
Initial Consonant Deletion
omission of singleton consonant in the initial position of the word
ex. /on/ for phone
Cluster Reduction
deletion or substitution of some or all member of a cluster
Consonant sequence reduction
is used to describe the omission of one or more sound segments from two or more contiguous consonants
cluster simplification
highlights omissions or substitutions that simplify the cluster to make it easier to produce
Cluster deletion
deletion of one or all members of a cluster; it may be total or partial
Total cluster deletion
all members of a cluster are deleted
Partial cluster deletion
only some members of the cluster are deleted
marked member
the most difficult sound to produce within a cluster
unmarked member
the easier sound to produce in a cluster
Cluster substitution
the replacement of one or all members of a cluster by another sound
Substitutions patterns
one class of sounds is substituted for another
Stopping
substitution of stops for fricatives and affricates
ex. /tɛr/ for chair
Deaffrication
the target affricate is changed to a stop or fricative
ex. /dɑb/ for job
Velar fronting
the replacement of velar sounds /k/, /g/. and /ŋ/ by sounds made in a more anterior position, typically alveolar stops ex. /tʌp/ for cup
Depalatalization
substitution of an alveolar fricative for a palatal fricative or alveolar affricate for a palatal affricate
ex. /dʌdz/ for judge
Backing
replacement of sounds that have anterior point of constriction with posterior sounds
ex. /gaɪm/ for dime
Liquid gliding
substitution of a glide for a prevocalic liquid; affects manner
ex. /wæbit/ for rabbit, /bwæk/ for black
Voalization
substitution of a vowel for a syllabic liquid; vowelization
ex. /sɪmpo/ for simple
Assimilation
phenomenon in which one sound changes to resemble another sound
/ðɪsjɪr/ for this year
