Phonological Processes

Question 1

phonological processes

Answer 1

simplifications of adult sounds that presumably affect entire sound classes

Question 2

phonological disorder

Answer 2

when a normal or natural process of sound production is no longer natural

Question 3

Syllable structure patterns

Answer 3

describe the sound changes that modify the syllabic structure of words as a child attempts to produce the adult target

Question 4

Unstressed Syllable deletion

Answer 4

also known as weak syllable deletion; describes the ommission of one or more syllable from a polysyllabic word
ex. /ɛfənt/ for elephant

Question 5

Reduplication

Answer 5

the total or partial repetition of a syllable of a target word, creating a multi-syllabic word
ex. /baba/ for bottle

Question 6

Diminutization

Answer 6

addition of /l/ or sometimes [Ci] to target word

ex. /kʌpi/ for cup

Question 7

Epenthesis

Answer 7

addition of an unstressed vowel, usually /ə/

ex. /pəlet/ for plate

Question 8

Final Consonant Deletion

Answer 8

the omission of final singleton consonant as well as a deletion of all members of a final consonant cluster
ex. /da/ for dog

Question 9

Initial Consonant Deletion

Answer 9

omission of singleton consonant in the initial position of the word
ex. /on/ for phone

Question 10

Cluster Reduction

Answer 10

deletion or substitution of some or all member of a cluster

Question 11

Consonant sequence reduction

Answer 11

is used to describe the omission of one or more sound segments from two or more contiguous consonants

Question 12

cluster simplification

Answer 12

highlights omissions or substitutions that simplify the cluster to make it easier to produce

Question 13

Cluster deletion

Answer 13

deletion of one or all members of a cluster; it may be total or partial

Question 14

Total cluster deletion

Answer 14

all members of a cluster are deleted

Question 15

Partial cluster deletion

Answer 15

only some members of the cluster are deleted

Question 16

marked member

Answer 16

the most difficult sound to produce within a cluster

Question 17

unmarked member

Answer 17

the easier sound to produce in a cluster

Question 18

Cluster substitution

Answer 18

the replacement of one or all members of a cluster by another sound

Question 19

Substitutions patterns

Answer 19

one class of sounds is substituted for another

Question 20

Stopping

Answer 20

substitution of stops for fricatives and affricates

ex. /tɛr/ for chair

Question 21

Deaffrication

Answer 21

the target affricate is changed to a stop or fricative

ex. /dɑb/ for job

Question 22

Velar fronting

Answer 22

the replacement of velar sounds /k/, /g/. and /ŋ/ by sounds made in a more anterior position, typically alveolar stops ex. /tʌp/ for cup

Question 23

Depalatalization

Answer 23

substitution of an alveolar fricative for a palatal fricative or alveolar affricate for a palatal affricate
ex. /dʌdz/ for judge

Question 24

Backing

Answer 24

replacement of sounds that have anterior point of constriction with posterior sounds
ex. /gaɪm/ for dime

Question 25

Liquid gliding

Answer 25

substitution of a glide for a prevocalic liquid; affects manner
ex. /wæbit/ for rabbit, /bwæk/ for black

Question 26

Voalization

Answer 26

substitution of a vowel for a syllabic liquid; vowelization

ex. /sɪmpo/ for simple

Question 27

Assimilation

Answer 27

phenomenon in which one sound changes to resemble another sound
/ðɪsjɪr/ for this year