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Phonetics > Phonological processes > Flashcards

Phonological processes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a phonological process?

A

patterns of sound errors that children make when they are learning to speak

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2
Q

What is a phonological disorder?

A

when phonological processes continue beyond the age when a child is expected to stop saying them

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3
Q

What are the three types of phonological processes?

A

substitution, assimiliation, and syllable structure

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4
Q

What is backing?

A

a substitution error where a child substitutes alveolar sounds (such as /t/ and /d/) with velar sounds (such as /g/ and /k/); e.g. gog for dog

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5
Q

What is assimilation?

A

a phonological process where a consonant sound begins to sound like another sound in the same word; ex. bub for bus

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6
Q

What is cluster reduction?

A

a syllable structure error in which a consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant; e.g. “cay” for “clay”

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7
Q

What is fronting?

A

a substitution error in which a child substitutes a velar or palatal sound for an alveolar sound; eg. “tootie” for “cookie”

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8
Q

What is gliding?

A

a substitution error in which a child substitutes /r/ with “w” or /l/ with y or r; eg. “Wabbit” for “Rabbit” or yeyow for yellow

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9
Q

What is denasalization?

A

an assimilation error in which a nasal consonant turns into a non-nasal consonant; eg “doze” for “nose”

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10
Q

What is final consonant deletion?

A

a syllable structure error in which the final consonant in a word is left off; ex. “toe” for “toad”

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11
Q

What is stopping?

A

a substitution error in which a fricative or affricate is substituted for a stop; eg. “dan” for “fan” or “tump” for “jump”

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12
Q

What is final consonant devoicing?

A

an assimilation error in which a voiced consonant at the end of a word is substituted for a voiceless consonant; eg. “toab” for “toad”

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13
Q

What is initial consonant deletion?

A

a syllable structure error in which the initial consonant in a word is left off; eg: “unny” for “bunny”

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14
Q

What is weak syllable deletion?

A

a syllable structure error in which the weak syllable in a word is deleted; eg. “bout” for “About”

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15
Q

What is epenthesis?

A

a syllable structure error in which a sound is added between two consonants, typically the uh sound; eg. bu-lue instead of blue

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16
Q

What is vowelization?

A

A substituion error in which /l/ or er sounds are replaced with a vowel; e.g. “appo” for “apple” or “papuh” for “paper”

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17
Q

What is affrication?

A

a substitution error in which a non-affricate is replaced with an affricate (ch or j); e.g. “joor” for “door”

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18
Q

What is deaffrication?

A

a substitution error in which an affricate is replaced with a fricative; eg. “ships” for “chips”.

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19
Q

What is alveolarization?

A

A substitution error in which a nonalveolar sound is replaced with an alveolar sound; eg. “tad” for “tap” or “tu” for “shoe”

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20
Q

What is depalatization?

A

A substitution error in which a palatal sound is substituted with a nonpalatal sound; e.g. “fit” for “fish”

21
Q

What is labialization?

A

A substitution error in which a labial sound replaces a nonlabial sound; e.g. “pie” for “tie”

22
Q

What is prevocalic voicing?

A

An assimilation error in which a voiceless consonant in the beginning of a word like /k/ or /f/ is substituted with voiced consonant like /g/ or /v/; e.g. gite for kite

23
Q

What is coalescence?

A

An assimilation error when two phonemes are substituted with a different phoneme that still has similiar features; e.g. “foon” for “spoon”

24
Q

What is reduplication?

A

An assimilation error when a complete or incomplete syllable is repeated; e.g. “baba” for “bottle”

25
Q

At what age does a child usually stop fronting?

A

3.5 years

26
Q

At what age does a child usually stop gliding?

A

6 years

27
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing stopping for /f/ and /s/?

A

3 years

28
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing stopping for /v/ and /z/?

A

3.5 years

29
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing stopping for /sh/, /ch/, and /j/?

A

4.5 years

30
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing stopping for /th/

A

5 years

31
Q

At what does a child usually stop doing affrication?

A

3 years

32
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing alveolarization and depalatization?

A

5 years

33
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing labialization?

A

6 years

34
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing assimilation?

A

3 years

35
Q

At what age does a child usually stop doing denasalization?

A

2.5 years

36
Q

At what age does a child usually stop final consonant devoicing?

A

3 years

37
Q

At what age does a child usually stop prevocalic voicing?

A

6 years

38
Q

At what age does a child usually stop coalescence?

A

No approximate age

39
Q

At what age does a child usually stop reduplication?

A

3 years

40
Q

At what age does a child usually stop cluster reduction without /s/?

A

4 years

41
Q

At what age does a child usually stop cluster reduction with /s/?

A

5 years

42
Q

At what age does a child usually stop final consonant deletion?

A

3 years

43
Q

At what age does a child usually stop weak syllable deletion?

A

4 years

44
Q

At what age does a child usually stop epenthesis?

A

8 years

45
Q

What is vowelization?

A

a substituion error where /r/ or /l/ is replaced by a vowel

46
Q

When does vowelization start?

A

when the child is 3.5 years old

47
Q

When does vowelization end?

A

When the child is 5-7 years old

48
Q

What is metathesis?

A

reversing two sounds or syllables in a word

Phonetics (5 decks)

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