Phonological Disorders in Bilingualism

Question 1

What are the stages of prelinguistic vocalizations?

Answer 1

Birth - 1 month: phonation stage (reflexive)
2 - 3 months: cooing
7 - 9 months: canonical babbling
10 - 12 months: variegated babbling

Question 2

What are some of the most common phonological patterns in typically developing children?

Answer 2

Weak syllable & final consonant deletion
Assimilation
Cluster reduction
Stopping
Fronting
Gliding
Context sensitive voicing

(Typical phonological development should be complete between the ages of 6;0 and 8;0)

Question 3

How do L1 & L2 interact?

Answer 3

Transfer
Deceleration
Acceleration

Question 4

What does an evidence-based phonological assessment look like?

Answer 4

Examine combined phonological skills in Spanish & English!

Determine linguistic characteristics of both languages and see how they compare

Find out if this child lives in a bilingual community and/or speaks both languages

Question 5

What are the contributors to Spanish-influenced English?

Answer 5

Contact between speakers of both languages
Influence of one language on the other
The speaker’s motivation to speak both languages
Amount of experience with each language
Oral and perceptual abilities
Prestige associated with various dialects

Question 6

How do you take dialect features into consideration during an assessment?

Answer 6

Type and occurrence of consonant errors
Inflation of number of substitution errors
Inflation in percent occurrence of phonological patterns (e.g., final consonant deletion)

Question 7

What does s Bilingual Phonological Evaluation entail?

Answer 7

Detailed Case History
Routine (OPE, hearing)
Speech Samples
(single word and conversational)
Independent Analysis (inventories)
Relational Analysis (PCC)
Error Analysis (cross-ling effects)
Phonological Pattern Analysis (processes)
Summary

Question 8

What types of evidence-based approaches are there to treat bilinguals through intervention?

Answer 8

Bilingual Approach
Focus on phonological elements shared across the 2 languages
Monitor generalization

Cross-Linguistic Approach
Treat elements exhibited in only one language

Question 9

How do we monitor progress?

Answer 9

Efficiency (change/time & effort)
Effects (significant)
Effectiveness (responsible)

Question 10

What is a summary of this unit?

Answer 10

As in assessment, we treat in BOTH languages
Treatment goals will sometimes be similar and sometimes be different across the child’s 2 languages
We might need the help of an interpreter
We monitor generalization across both languages due to between-language interaction