Phonological development Flashcards
Vegetive examples
Crying, coughing, burping and sucking
Cooing examples
Grunts and sighs, laughter, pitch and volume practised
Babbling examples
Reduplicated sounds eg. ba-ba
Proto-words examples
Mmm
Consonant
A speech sound produced when the vocal tract is blocked or restricted creating audible friction
Vowel
A sound made without audible friction
Dipthong
Two vowels to make a sound where one is more dominant eg. oi or ew
Plosives
Made when airflow is blocked for a brief time eg. B, D; earliest sounds 24 months
Fricatives
Made when airflow is only partially blocked eg. TH, F; 36 months
Affricatives
Plosives and fricatives together
Nasals
Produced by air moving through the nose eg. N, M
Laterals
Created by placing tongue on teeth and air moving round sides of mouth eg. L
Deletion
Omitting final consonant in words eg. do (g)
Substitution
Swapping a harder sound for an easier one eg. d-at for that
Addition
Adding of extra vowels to create consonant-vowel repetition eg. doggie
Assimilation
Swapping a consonant or vowel for another eg. d and b or gog for dog
Reduplication
Repeating whole syllables eg. dada
Consonant cluster reductions
Removing a consonant so there’s only one eg. Pider for Spider
Deletion of unstressed syllables
Omitting opening syllable in polysyllabic words eg. nana for banana
Holophrase
A single word expressing a whole idea
Overextension
When the word used to label something is stretched to mean more than normal eg. apple used for all round fruits
Underextension
When the word used to label something is reduced in meaning
What are Aitchisons’ stages of linguistic development?
- Labelling- linking words to objects
- Packaging- Exploring labels and over/underextension
- Network building- making connections between words eg. opposites
Hypernym
A generic word which has more specifics under it eg. fruit
Hyponym
A specific word under a hypernym eg. apple under fruit
