Phonics & Spelling instruction Flashcards
Phonics instruction
The teaching of the relationship between sounds/phonemes and letters
Successful readers in the FP are…
- phonologically aware
- phonemically aware
- aware of & understand the alphabetic principle
- knowledgeable about phonics & can use sounds to create words
Phonological awareness
An umbrella term which refers to an awareness of sounds and is comprised of many components including the understanding of onset-rime, syllables, phonemic awareness and word awareness.
Phonemic awareness
The ability to identify sounds in isolation and to manipulate them.
Why is phonics instruction important for reading instruction?
- phonic instruction leads to word knowledge
- phonics helps learners identify patterns of letters & sounds
Name the 2 approaches to phonics instruction
- analytical approach
- synthetic approach
What is necessary before learners are exposed to phonics?
- language acquisition
- phonological awareness
- text knowledge & narrative skills
- letter name knowledge
What comprises an analytical approach to phonics?
- readers compare words to identify differences & patters and use this knowledge with new words
- phonemes are learned as part of whole words not as individual sounds
What comprises a synthetic approach to phonics?
- readers encode sounds to form words
- phonemes & graphemes are taught explicitly
What is the problem with an analytical approach to phonics?
- easy for learners to get away with guessing words without knowing phonemes
- too little structure
Problems with the synthetic approach to phonics
- often undifferentiated when used for whole class
- phonemes used in decontextualized ways
Name the phases of spelling development
- Precommunicative phase
- Semi-phonetic phase
- Phonetic phase
- Conventional phase
What are the skills included in phonological awareness?
- rhyme
- alliteration
- discrimination
- syllable division
- segmentation
What are the advantages of a synthetic approach to phonics?
- structured approach
- helps learners blend to form new words
- research shows it to be highly effective
What is the purpose of spelling instruction?
To enable learners to represent language in writing correctly
Most phonic programmes are….
a combination of synthetic and analytic
What is the first step towards phonics instruction?
Knowing the letter names
To be successful, phonics instruction must be…
Explicit and systematic
Pragmatics
The ability to use language appropriately in contexts
Name the three layers of English Orthography
- The Alphabetic layer
- The Pattern layer
- The Meaning/Morphological layer
What is involved in the Alphabetic layer of language?
Learning of letter-sound correspondences
What is involved in the pattern layer of language?
Consonant-vowel patterns are examined
What is involved in the Meaning layer of language?
- New vocabulary is learned
- Generalisations are made about the meaning structures of affixes
How many phonemes exist in English?
44
In what way can phonics instruction be considered multisensory?
- tapping syllables/sounds
- tracing letters
- rhymes and songs
- articulation of pronouncing sounds
List the components of a phonics lesson
- Goal statement & review of old concept
- Explicit instruction for new skill
- Practice new words by reading and writing
- Exploring vocabulary meanings
- Practice new concepts through text reading
What does it mean for phonics instruction to be explicit & systematic?
Instruction is carefully planned and concepts clearly defined.
Skills are taught in a sequence of increasing difficulty and responsibility is gradually released to learners.
