Phonics Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Phonics

A

The relationships between the sounds of a language in the letters or letter combinations used to represent those sounds.

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2
Q

Orthography

A

The spelling system of a language

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3
Q

Phoneme

A

The smallest unit of sound in a word

shown in slashes

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4
Q

Graphemes

A

Letters - written symbols that represent phonemes

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5
Q

Phonological awareness

A

Awareness of units of speech such as words,symbols, and phonemes

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6
Q

Phonemic awareness

A

The awareness of phonemes. It’s the ability to distinguish sounds in words

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7
Q

Phoneme segmentation

A

Splitting a spoken word into each constituent phonemes in the order in which they are heard in the word.

This is a skill required for a child to fully understand phonetic spelling.

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8
Q

Phoneme blending

A

Taking even funny names and combining them to make a word,

this is employed when decoding words

the opposite of segmentation;

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9
Q

Decode

A

To take written words and translate them into phonemes that make up words.

Paper to voice

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10
Q

Encode

A

Translating words from voices to paper.

When children take words from their mind and use phonics to sound out the phonemes in the word in order to write it down

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11
Q

Consonants

A

Phonemes where the flow of air is cut off partially or completely.

They can be voiced or unvoiced

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12
Q

Voiced

A

The vocal cords vibrate in creating the sound

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13
Q

Unvoiced

A

The vocal cords do not vibrate in creating a sound

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14
Q

Vowels

A

Phonemes where air flows through the mouth unobstructed

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15
Q

Consonant digraph

A

Two consonants together that represent one phoneme.

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16
Q

Consonant blend

A

A sequence of two or three concepts, each of which is heard.

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17
Q

Consonant cluster

A

A sequence of consonants without a vowel between them including digraphs and blends

18
Q

Vowel digraph

A

Two letters together that represent one vowel sound continents may also act as vowels in vowel digraphs

19
Q

Onset

A

The beginning consonant sound before the vowel sound in a syllable. Not all words or syllables have onsets

20
Q

Rime

A

The vowel sound and any others that follow it in a syllable

21
Q

Word families

A

Words that share an ending called a rime. These letter combinations are sometimes called phonograms.

22
Q

Syllable patterns

A

English syllables can be grouped into basic patterns according to their use of consonant and vowel sounds

23
Q

Morphemes

A

The smallest unit of meaning within a word, including prefixes, suffixes, and base words.

Greek or Latin roots

Cat s
1 2

24
Q

Ambiguous vowels

A

This is a concept which describes any vowel letter or digraph that may represent multiple phonemes.

25
Q

Morphemic analysis

A

The process of analyzing or breaking down a word in terms of its meaning units or morphemes

26
Q

Affix

A

Any word part that is attached to a root; may be a prefix, suffix, or inflectional ending.

27
Q

Alphabetic principle

A

The concept that letters and letter combinations are used to represent phonemes in orthography.

28
Q

Braid of literacy

A

Literacy for children that is braided together.

It is made up of their orthography, writing, reading, vocabulary, and stories that are told orally and written.

29
Q

Word study

A

The process of studying words. This is an instructional approach to learning phonics; spelling, word recognition, orthography, vocabulary.

30
Q

Emergent stage

A

The first stage

When a child is not reading or writing yet.

31
Q

Letter name- Alphabetic

A

This is the second stage

When a reader is beginning to learn the alphabet names and phonemes.

32
Q

With-in word pattern

A

This is the third stage

When a reader is learning the multiple phonemes for each letter and are learning long and short vowels as well as letter digraphs and blends.

CVC. CV. CVCe

33
Q

Syllables and affixes

A

This is the fourth stage

Readers are learning syllables, affixes, and inflectional endings as well as beginning to learn morphemic analysis.

34
Q

Derivational relations stage

A

The last stage

When readers are becoming experts. They are working on morphemic analysis and have a large vocabulary.

35
Q

Schwa

A

Phoneme is an unstressed syllable; “throw away sound,” can be spelled by any vowel letter.

36
Q

Short vowels

A

A vowel that does not say it’s name

37
Q

Long vowel

A

A vowel that says it’s name

38
Q

R controlled vowel

A

A vowel followed by an r is always distorted making such words harder to spell.

Û her, â dare

39
Q

Diphthongs

A

Phoneme where the mouth glides from one vowel sound to another.

40
Q

Syllable

A

Phoneme that constitute a larger sound unit within word, beyond the phoneme level; a syllable must contain a vowel.