Phonics and the Alphabetic Principle

Question 1

direct instruction
find the letters
letter tracing
cut and paste

Answer 1

strategies to teach letter recognition

Question 2

write the letter ‘B’ on a card, and state that this is the uppercase letter ‘B’ and the lowercase letter ‘b’. The name “Ben”, written out for children to see, starts with the uppercase letter ‘B.’ The word “box”, written, begins with a lowercase ‘b’.

Answer 2

direct instruction

Question 3

have upper and lowercase letters (of only one letter, like f, F) hidden around the classroom. have students go and find all of the hidden letters in the classroom

Answer 3

find the letters

Question 4

when working on a letter, teach students both the upper-and lowercase letter, and have letters for students to trace. this can be done with sand, beads, etc.

Answer 4

letter tracing

Question 5

after explicitly teaching the letter, have students cut out the lower- and uppercase letter out of a magazine and glue it to a paper labeled with the letter

Answer 5

cut and paste

Question 6

states that there is a predictable correspondence between a letter and a sound

Answer 6

alphabetic principle

Question 7

when two or more consonants appear together and each consonant can be heard in a sequence, there is a consonant blend. where there are three consonants together, it is called a consonant cluster (bl-ow, str-eam, bu-st)

Answer 7

consonant blend

Question 8

two letters that represent one sound (‘ph’ in phase makes the /f/ sound)

Answer 8

digraph

Question 9

two vowels that, when spoken together, make a glided sound (‘oi’ in oil, ‘ou’ in ouch)

Answer 9

diphthong

Question 10

written text that represents one phoneme (‘b’, ‘oa’, and ‘t’ are three graphemes in the word boat)

Answer 10

grapheme

Question 11

the smallest unit of sound that contains meaning (pg. 22 for examples)

Answer 11

morpheme

Question 12

the initial consonant of a syllable (‘b’ in big)

Answer 12

onset

Question 13

the smallest unit of sound (/b/ or /o/)

Answer 13

phoneme

Question 14

a rule that governs letter sounds under specific conditions

Answer 14

phonics generalizations

Question 15

the part of the syllable that comes after the initial consonant and begins with a vowel (the ‘ig’ in big)

Answer 15

rime

Question 16

teaching phonics in a systematic manner from part to whole, letter sound to word

Answer 16

systematic phonics

Question 17

a group of words with the same spelling pattern; tug, bug, rug, chug, shrug.

Answer 17

word family

Question 18

what general phonics rule is this?

when a single vowel comes between two consonants, that vowel is usually short; mud, bat, stuck

Answer 18

CVC

Question 19

what general phonics rule is this?

when “e” is the final vowel in a word, the preceding vowel is usually long and the “e” is silent; home, make, like

Answer 19

CVCe

Question 20

what general phonics rule is this?

when a single vowel is at the beginning of a word, it is usually short; am, is, up

Answer 20

closed syllable- VC

Question 21

what general phonics rule is this?

when a syllable ends with a vowel, the vowel sound is usually long; ba/by, ta/ble

Answer 21

open syllable- CV

Question 22

what general phonics rule is this?

when two vowels are together, usually the first vowel says its name and the second vowel is silent; goat, pail, beat
-when two vowels do the walking, the first one does the talking-

Answer 22

CVVC

Question 23

what general phonics rule is this?

when ‘y’ is acting as a vowel at the end of a one-syllable word, it usually has the sound of a long “i”; fly, try

when ‘y’ is acting as a vowel at the end of a two-syllable word, it usually have the sound of a long “e”; candy, silly, happy

Answer 23

“y” as a vowel

Question 24

what general phonics rule is this?

when ‘r’ follows a vowel, it controls and changes the sound of the vowel; car, fir, murky

Answer 24

“r”-controlled

Question 25

what general phonics rule is this?

when ‘g’ is followed by an a, o, or u or is the last letter of a word, it has the hard sound. when ‘c’ is followed by an a, o, or u, or is the last letter of a word, it also has the hard sound; hard- garage, gate, good, cat, cape, coat

when ‘g’ is followed by and e, i, or y, it has a soft /j/ sound. when ‘c’ is followed by an e, i, or y, it has a soft /s/ sound; soft- general, angel, giraffe, cell, space, citrus.

Answer 25

hard and soft “g” and “c”

Question 26

the ability to recognize words quickly, effortlessly, and automatically

Answer 26

automatic word recognition

Question 27

words that are frequently used in reading and writing (a, the, she, he, they, as, and it)

Answer 27

high-frequency words

Question 28

words that readers recognize automatically, and therefore can be read immediately with no decoding necessary; sight words cannot be easily decoded

Answer 28

sight words

Question 29

a board or wall that features isolated words students are learning, usually in alphabetical order

Answer 29

word wall