Phonetics- Vowels Flashcards
How are vowels identified?
Tongue height in relation to upper vocal tract
Lip ‘configuration’
Frontness/ backness of the tongue
What are cardinal vowels?
A reference for phoneticians for sounds when the tongue is in an extreme position
Cardinal Vowel 1
/i/
Cardinal Vowel 2
/e/
Cardinal Vowel 3
/Ɛ/
Cardinal Vowel 4
/a/
Cardinal Vowel 5
/ɑ/
Cardinal Vowel 6
/ɔ/
Cardinal Vowel 7
/o/
Cardinal Vowel 8
/u/
What is different about secondary cardinal vowels?
Different lip configuration
What is the same about cardinal vowels and secondary cardinal vowels?
Tongue position
How many monopthongs are there in English?
12
How many dipthongs are there in English?
8
/i:/
High, front, unrounded vowel, such as in heat, flee, he
/ɪ/
Mid-high, front, unrounded vowel, such as in ill, bit, in
/e/
Mid, front, unrounded vowel, such as in end, bet, egg
/æ/
Low, front, unrounded vowel, such as in at, ban, mad
/a/
Low, back, unrounded vowel, such as in are, cart, far
/ɒ/
Low, back, rounded vowel, such as in on, pot
/ɔ:/
Mid, back, rounded vowel, such as in poor, paw, or
/ʊ/
Mid-high, back, rounded vowel such as in book, full
/u/
High. back. rounded vowel, such as in ooze, doodle
/ʌ/
Mid-low, central. unrounded vowel, such as in up, subtle
/ə/
Mid, central, unrounded vowel, such as in aside, collide
Schwa
In what type of syllable does a schwa occur?
An unstressed syllable
Where in a word can a schwa occur?
Beginning, middle or end of a word
/ɜ:/
Mid-high, central, unrounded vowel, such as in err, hearse
How many target positions does a dipthong have?
Two
Dipthong in rain, hate, make, stay
/eɪ/
Dipthong in chair, bear, rare, stare
/eə/
Dipthong in kite, night, ride, lie, shy
/aɪ/
Dipthong in how, now, brown, cow
/aʊ/
Dipthong in noise, toy, point, coil
/ɔɪ/
Dipthong in sure, tourist, poor (depending on accent)
/ʊə/
Dipthong in near, ear, clear, steer
/ɪə/
Dipthong in note, rode, go, coat, snow
/əʊ/
/i/
Close, front, unrounded vowel
/e/
Close-mid, front, unrounded vowel
/Ɛ/
Open-mid, front, unrounded vowel
/a/
Open, front, unrounded vowel
/ɑ/
Open, back, unrounded vowel
/ɔ/
Open-mid, back, rounded vowel
/o/
Close-mid, back, rounded vowel
/u/
Close, back, rounded vowel