Phonetics (Theory) Flashcards
RP (Received Pronunciation) is…
a social accent (upper class, “educated speech”, BBC), British
GA (General American) is…
a regional accent (NA, Central and Western parts).
Pre-vocalic r is…
used in RP accent. It means that the “r” is only pronounced before a vowel sound.
In GA /r/ sound is pronounced…
in all positions.
In RP /r/ sound is pronounced…
only before a vowel sound (pre-vocalic r)
In GA /t/ sound…
GA has “flapped t”, which occurs between a stressed and unstressed vowel.
yod-dropping in RP is…
/ju:/
yod-dropping in RP is…
/u:/
EE (Estatuary English) is…
a British accent. Something between RP and Cockney.
It is a social accent (middle class)
EE has pre-vocalic r? (yes or no)
Yes.
In EE instead of final -t, we use…
glottal stop.
In EE vocalization of -l happens…
in end position
In EE we use yod…
coalescence.
Cockney is…
a British regional accent.
Phonemes are…
the smallest unit of speech that can be used to differ words from each other.
Minimal pairs are…
Two words that are identical in sound except for one sound. (ex: bed, bet / bed, bad / bed, red / News, views / Dennis, Menace)
Homophones are…
words that sound the same, but mean different things. (Ex: allowed, aloud/ hare, hair / seas, sees, cs, seize)
Homographs are…
written the same, but they mean and sound different.
When we use / / in the IPA transcription it means…
the sound of a phoneme.
When we use [ ] in the IPA transcription it means…
a more detailed transcription.
When we use || in the IPA transcription it means…
difference between RP and GA pronunciation.
’ in the IPA transcription represents…
Stress marker.
Allophones are…
variants of the same phoneme.
Vowels are voiced, voiceless or both? Why?
Voiced. Because they are tones.
What does it mean to give “quality” when talking about sound production in phonetics?
It means a) the place where the air stream is constricted, and b) the manner (how) the air stream is constricted, as well as for how long
Larynx size and shape are…
Vocal cords + voice
Velum size and shape are…
open / close; oral / nasal
Tongue positions are…
Front / back
Close / open
Lips can be…
+/- rounding (this is not prominent in English)
Consonant sounds can be…
Voiced and voiceless.
