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LING 321 > Phonetics review > Flashcards

Phonetics review Flashcards

1
Q

bilabial consonant

A

are made by bringing both lips closer together: [p], [b], [m], [w], [w̥]

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2
Q

labiodental consonants

A

are made with the lower lip against the upper front teeth: [f], [v]

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3
Q

interdental consonants

A

are made with the tip of the tongue protruding between the front teeth: [θ], [ð]

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4
Q

alveolar consonants

A

are made with the tongue tip at or near the alveolar ridge: [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l], [ɹ]

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5
Q

post-alveolar consonants

A

are made right at the front of the hard palate, just behind the alveolar ridge: [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ]

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6
Q

palatal consonants

A

are made with the tongue near the center of the hard portion of the roof of the mouth (the hard palate): [j]

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7
Q

velar consonants

A

are produced at the soft part of the roof of the mouth behind the hard palate - the velum: [k], [g], [ŋ]

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8
Q

glottal consonants

A

are produced at the larynx [h], [ʔ]

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9
Q

voiced sounds

A

sounds made with the vocal folds vibrating: [b], [m], [w], [v], [ð], [d], [z], [n], [l], [ɹ], [ʒ], [dʒ], [j], [g], [ŋ]

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10
Q

voiceless sounds

A

sounds made without the vocal folds vibrating: [p], [w̥], [f], [θ], [t], [s], [ʃ], [tʃ], [k], [ʔ], [h]

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11
Q

stop consonants

A

sounds made by obstructing the airstream completely in the oral cavity: [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g], [ʔ]

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12
Q

fricative consonants

A

sounds made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the vocal tract: [f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ], [h]

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13
Q

affricative consonants

A

sounds made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that frication noise is produced: [tʃ], [dʒ]

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14
Q

nasal consonants

A

sounds produced by lowering the velum and this opening the nasal passage to the vocal tract: [m], [n], [ŋ]

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15
Q

liquid consonants

A

involve a substantial constriction of the vocal tract, but the constructions for liquids are not narrow enough to block the vocal tract: [l], [ɹ]

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16
Q

glide consonants

A

sounds made with only a slight closure of the articulators, so that the if the vocal tract were any more open, the result would be a vowel sound: [w̥], [w], [j]

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17
Q

[p]

A

voiceless, bilabial, and stop

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18
Q

[b]

A

voiced, bilabial, and stop

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19
Q

[t]

A

voiceless, alveolar, and stop

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20
Q

[d]

A

voiced, alveolar, and stop

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21
Q

[k]

A

voiceless, velar, and stop

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22
Q

[g]

A

voiced, velar, and stop

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23
Q

[ʔ]

A

voiceless, glottal, and stop

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24
Q

[f]

A

voiceless, labio-dental, and fricative

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25
Q

[v]

A

voiced, labio-dental, and fricative

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26
Q

[θ]

A

voiceless, inter-dental, and fricative

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27
Q

[ð]

A

voiced, inter-dental, and fricative

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28
Q

[s]

A

voiceless, alveolar, and fricative

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29
Q

[z]

A

voiced, alveolar, and fricative

30
Q

[ʃ]

A

voiceless, post-alveolar, and fricative

31
Q

[ʒ]

A

voiced, post-alveolar, and fricative

32
Q

[h]

A

voiceless, glottal, and fricative

33
Q

[tʃ]

A

voiceless, post-alveolar, and affricate

34
Q

[dʒ]

A

voiced, post-alveolar, and affricate

35
Q

[m]

A

voiced, bilabial, and nasal

36
Q

[n]

A

voiced, alveolar, and nasal

37
Q

[ŋ]

A

voiced, velar, and nasal

38
Q

[l]

A

voiced, alveolar, and lateral liquid

39
Q

[ɹ]

A

voiced, alveolar, and retroflex liquid

40
Q

[w̥]

A

voiceless, bilabial, and glide

41
Q

[w]

A

voiced, bilabial, and glide

42
Q

[j]

A

voiced, palatal, and glide

43
Q

place of articulation

A

where in the vocal tract a constriction is made (where the vocal tract is made narrower)

44
Q

manner of articulation

A

how the airstream is modified by the vocal tract to produce the sound

45
Q

ways to describe vowels

A

height, tongue advancement, lip rounding, and tenseness

46
Q

ways to describe consonants

A

state of glottis, place of articulation, and manner of articulation

47
Q

characteristics of the segments (individual sounds)

A

place and manner of articulation and voicing for consonants; tongue height and advancement, lip rounding, and tenseness for vowels

48
Q

low vowels

A

pronounced with the jaw quite open - lowering the tongue body away from the roof of the mouth: [æ], [ɑ]

49
Q

high vowels

A

pronounced with the tongue body away close to the roof of the mouth: [i], [ɪ], [u], [ʊ]

50
Q

rounded vowels

A

lips are rounded: [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ]

51
Q

mid vowels

A

produced with an intermediate tongue height: [e], [ɛ], [ə], [ʌ], [o], [ɔ]

52
Q

back vowels

A

is made by raising the body of the tongue in the back of the mouthm toward the velum: [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ], [ɑ]

53
Q

front vowels

A

the body of the tongue is raised and pushed forward so it is just under the hard palate: [i], [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ]

54
Q

unrounded vowels

A

lips are unrounded: [i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɑ]

55
Q

central vowels

A

require neither advancement nor retraction of the tongue: [ə], [ʌ]

56
Q

lax vowels

A

have less extreme positions of the tongue or the lips than vowels that are tense: [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [ʌ], [ʊ], [ɔ], [ɑ]

57
Q

tense vowels

A

have more extreme positions of the tongue or the lips than vowels that are lax: [i], [e], [u], [o]

58
Q

nasalized vowels

A

the velum is lowered and the nasal passage closes

59
Q

[i]

A

high, front, unrounded, tense

60
Q

[ɪ]

A

high, front, unrounded, lax

61
Q

[e]

A

mid, front, unrounded, tense

62
Q

[ɛ]

A

mid, front, unrounded, lax

63
Q

[æ]

A

low, front, unrounded, lax

64
Q

[ə]

A

mid, central, unrounded, lax

65
Q

[ʌ]

A

mid, central, unrounded, lax

66
Q

[u]

A

high, back, rounded, tense

67
Q

[ʊ]

A

high, back, rounded, lax

68
Q

[o]

A

mid, back, rounded, tense

69
Q

[ɔ]

A

mid, back, rounded, lax

70
Q

[ɑ]

A

low, back, unrounded, lax

LING 321 (2 decks)

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