Phonetics Quiz # review

Question 1

Stops

Answer 1

Obstruents made with complete stoppage of the airflow through the vocal tract.
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

Question 2

Fricatives

Answer 2

Obstruents that result from a partial blockage of the breath stream, thus causing turbulence or friction during their production.
/f/ /v/ /0/ /6/ /s/ /z/ /S/ /3/ & /h/

Question 3

Affricates

Answer 3

When the sound begins as a stop and is released as a fricative.
/tS/ & /d3/

Question 4

Nasals

Answer 4

Sonorants made with nasals, as opposed to oral, resonance. The passageway into the nasal cavity is opened by lowering the soft palate (velum), thus producing /m/ /n/ /ng/

Question 5

Approximates

Answer 5

gjgjgj

Question 6

Stridents

Answer 6

Made by directing the airflow against a surface, such as the back of the upper teeth, so that considerable friction is produced. /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /S/, /3/, /tS/, and /d3/

Question 7

Sibilants

Answer 7

Are a subset of stridents often refered to as the “hissing/hushing” sounds. Characterized by relatively high frequency noise. /s/, /z/, /S/, /3/, /tS/ and /d3/

Question 8

Laterals

Answer 8

Produced with “lateral” airflow around one or both sides of the tongue. Several important variant forms (allophones) for this sonorant exist. The /l/ is called a lateral approximant

Question 9

Liquids

Answer 9

This is a generic term for the American English /l/ and /r/ sounds. These sonorants are produced so that little or no friction occurs

Question 10

Glides

Answer 10

Consonants that provide a rapid transition, usually to a following vowel, hence, an onglide. Offglides are transition from a preceding vowel. Onglides - /w/ and /j/.

Question 11

Vocalic/Non-Vocalic (JFH)

Answer 11

Vocalic sounds are produced with an oral cavity that is not constricted any more than is necessary for the high vowel /i/ and /u/ or the liquids /l/ and /r/ and with the vocal folds adducted (together) for spontaneous voicing. The glides, nasals, and obstruents (stops, fricatives, and affricates) are non-vocalic. The vowels, and typically the liquid consonants, are vocalic

Question 12

Consonantal/Non-Consonantal (JFH)

Answer 12

The absence of obstruction in the midline region of the vocal tract. Although Chomsky and Halle consider /h/, /w/, and /j/ to be non-consonantal, IPA tradition is to treat these sounds as consonantal.

Question 13

Sonorant/Obstruent

Answer 13

Made with a relatively open vocal tract that facilitates voicing and resonation. Sounds formed with more radical vocal tract closures than required by the glides, nasals, and liquids are obstruent (or - sonorants). The vowels, glides, nasals, and liquids are sonorant (+ sonorant). Most of the consonants are obstruent.

Question 14

Rhotic/Non-Rhotic

Answer 14

Vowels with r-coloring, specifically /3”/ and /e”/ (er), in General American dialect are rhotic. Although not a feature suggested by Chomsky and Halle (1968), the rhoticized vowels are a phonetic reality and should be represented in a discussion of the distinctive features for American English vowels.

Question 15

Advanced/Non-Advanced

Answer 15

Produced with a forward positioning of the tongue that is in free variation with a more retracted tongue placement. Although this not a feature suggested bu Chomsky and Halle (1968), it is useful for specifying the diphthongs /ai/ and /au/ frequently produced with /a/, an advanced (slightly fronted) form of /a/

Question 16

Front/Non-Front

Answer 16

Vowels withs made anterior to the central plane are considered as front. /^/ and /ee/. Front vowel front, back vowels back, central vowels are non-front or non-back

Question 17

Coronal/Non-Coronal (JFH used Acute/Grave)

Answer 17

When the blade of the tongue is raised from its neutral position, the sound is coronal. Dental, alveolar, and alveopalatal consonants are coronal.

Question 18

Anterior/Non-Anterior (JFH used Compact/Diffuse)

Answer 18

When consonants are formed with an obstruction , they are anterior. The alveopalatal /S/ is just behind the boundary between anterior anterior and non-anterior sounds. Labials, dentals, and alveolars are anterior; alveopalatals, velars, and glottalized sounds are non-anterior

Question 19

High/Non-High

Answer 19

Made by Raising the body of the tongue above the neutral position required for /ee/

Question 20

Low/Non-Low

Answer 20

Made by lowering the body of the tongue. (Midvowels such as /e/ and /o/ are non-high and non-low)

Question 21

Back/Non-Back

Answer 21

Produced by moving the tongue back from the position required for /ee/ The vowel /u/ is back but /i/ is non-back

Question 22

Rounded/Non-Rounded (JFH used Flat/Plain)

Answer 22

Made by pursing the lips; non-rounded sounds made without narrowing and protrusion of the lips.

Question 23

Distributed/Non-Distributed

Answer 23

Produced with a constriction that extends for a relatively long distance along the direction of airflow through the vocal tract. /tS/ and /d3/ are distributed and /t/ and /d/ are not

Question 24

Nasal/Non-nasal (JFH)

Answer 24

Made by lowering the soft palate (the velum), thus coupling mouth cavity resonance with nasal cavity resonance. /ng/ nasal; /g/ non-nasal.

Question 25

Lateral/Non-Lateral

Answer 25

Made by lowering the midsection of the tongue on one or both sides while keeping the front of the tongue on the upper alveolar ridge

Question 26

Continuant/Stop (JFH)

Answer 26

Made with incomplete constriction so that the airflow is not blocked. Stop sounds are produced with a vocal tract obstruction that completely blocks the flow of air through the mouth /p/ has the feature Stop; /f/ is continunant

Question 27

Tense/Lax (JFH)

Answer 27

Made with considerable muscular contraction in the root of the tongue. Lax are produced with reduced muscular tension. Unstressed central vowels…

Question 28

Voiced/Voiceless (JFH)

Answer 28

Produced with vibrations of the vocal folds are voiced; Produced with glottal opening wide enough to prevent vibration are voiceless. Many of the consonants are organized into pairs (cognates), one being voiced and the other voiceless such as /b/ and /p/

Question 29

Strident/Non-Strident (JFH)

Answer 29

Strident sounds are consonants characterized by considerable noise. The labiodentals and sibilants (including the affricates) are strident.