Lecture1 Flashcards
What is Phonetics
A branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech
A sound science
The scientific study of speech sounds, their production (form or articulation), perception, and the physical (acoustic) properties.
What does the study of phonetics in-tale?
Studies-
How speech is formulated by the speech organs
How individual speech sounds are created
How speech sounds are perceived
Physical properties of speech sounds
What are the areas of phonetics?
Articulatory
How speech sounds are produced; anatomical, physiological.
Acoustic
What is the nature of the speech sound; the properties of the sound waves issuing from the vocal tract; frequency, intensity, and duration.
Perceptual
How are speech sounds perceived by a listener; psychoacoustic response
Applied
Practical uses (clinical phonetics, transcriptional phonetics)
Phonology
A branch of linguistics that study the systematic organization of the speech sounds in the context of particular languages.
The description of the systems and patterns of sounds that occur in a language
Phonetics
The study of speech sounds, their acoustic and perceptual characteristics, and how they are produced by the speech organs, without regard to the languages in which they occur
Phone
A basic unit of phonetics
any sound that can be produced by the human vocal tract, including stops, clicks, thrills, and various resonant (vowel-like) sounds
it is not synonymous with speech sounds
Phoneme
A basic unit of phonology
When a phone becomes a speech sound in a particular language, it is called phoneme.
The smallest segmental unit of sound employed to form meaningful contrast between words.
Ex. /p/ and /b/ are phonemes because they result in a difference in meaning : bat and pat
Minimal pairs
Words that vary by only one phoneme are called minimal pairs or minimal contrasts. A change in only one phoneme results in a different meaning. Ex look and book… hear and beer…
Allophone
A variant pronunciations of a phoneme; a member of a phoneme family Ex. Lip vs ball
get vs got pit vs spit
Graph
refers to a letter that could be used in any alphabet
Grapheme
when a graph is used in the alphabet of a particular language
Allographs
Different letters that represent the same sound
Morpheme
the smallest unit of a language capable of carrying meaning. the include plurality, possession, tense etc.
Free morphemes
morphemes that can stand-alone and still carry meaning Ex book. music and go
Bound morphemes
Are bound to other words and carry no meaning when they stand alone. Ex. verb endings (ed, ing,) prefixes ( un, dis) suffixes
