Phonetics, Phonology And Prosodics Flashcards
phonology
the area of study that refers to the more abstract sound system
phonetics
the area of study that is concerned with investigating how sounds are actually produced by language users.
prosodics
the study of how speakers can shape meanings through emphasising certain aspects of intonation, speed and volume
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
a system for showing the different sounds possible
heterophones
words that have the same spelling but very different pronunciation and meanings
homophones
words that are pronounced the same but have a different meaning and may have different spellings e.g. there and their
articulators
the vocal organs above the larynx, including the lips, teeth, tongue and hard palate that help to form consonant sounds
plosives
a consonant group produced by the articulators coming together to stop the airflow and then being released.
fricatives
a consonant group produced by the articulators positioned together but a small gap remaining through which the sound comes
affricate
a consonant group produced by the articulators coming together, then released but in a way that is similar to the friction sound of a fricative
nasal
a consonant group produced by articulators coming together and air being released over the sides of the tongue
approximant
a consonant group produced in a similar way to other consonant sounds but without the articulators fully coming together
consonant
The consonants include B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z. from our mouths through the obstruction of breath. For example, T is pronounced using the front part of the tongue.
consonant group
a group of consonants with no vowels between them.
dipthong
a vowel sound that is the combination of two separate sounds, where a speaker moves from one to another
sound iconicity
the matching of sound to an aspect of meaning
consonance
a pattern of repeated consonant sounds for effect
assonance
Assonance is the repetition of the vowel sound across words within the lines of the poem creating internal rhymes.
Examples of assonance across words include: crying time; hop-scotch; great flakes; between trees; and, the kind knight rides by.
sibilance
a type of literary device and figure of speech wherein a hissing sound is created in a group of words through the repetition of ‘s’ sounds
lexical onomatopoeia
words that are known in language system and can be found in dictionaries, words such as crack, crashes,
non-lexical onomatopoeia
a group of sounds that echoes the world in a more unmediated way, without intercession of linguistic structures,
such as marked hitting scenes are represented as kroww and kromp, both of which can’t be found anywhere dictionaries but they have sound symbolism
phonological manipulation
changing individual phonemes (sounds) in a word.
An example would be if a student was asked to changed the /s/ in “sat” to /b/ –> and voila, we get “bat!”
minimal pair
words that are very similar and only vary by a single sound.
For example, when we say the words seat and sheet out loud, we are making very similar sounds, the only difference is the /s/ and /sh/ sounds at the beginning of words.
