Grammar

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

the study of word formation

Question 2

syntax

Answer 2

the study of how words form larger structures such as phrases, clauses and sentences

Question 3

descriptive

Answer 3

taking an approach to language study that focuses on how language is actually used

Question 4

prescriptive

Answer 4

taking an approach to language study that focuses on rules and notions of correctness

Question 5

root

Answer 5

a morpheme that can stand on its own and can usually form a word in its own right

Question 6

affix

Answer 6

the overall term for an addition to a root (prefix or suffix) to modify its meaning or create a new word

Question 7

prefix

Answer 7

a morpheme that goes before a root word to modify its meaning

Question 8

suffix

Answer 8

a morpheme that comes after a root word to modify its meaning

Question 9

infix

Answer 9

an affix inserted inside a root word to create a new word or modify its meaning

Question 10

inflectional function

Answer 10

the way that an affix shows a grammatical category such as a verb tense or a plural noun

Question 11

derivational function

Answer 11

the way that an affix helps form a new word by attaching itself to a root

Question 12

noun phrase

Answer 12

a group of words built around a noun

Question 13

verb phrase

Answer 13

a group of words built around a head (main) verb

Question 14

head word

Answer 14

the main noun/verb in the phrase

Question 15

pre-modifier

Answer 15

a word that goes before the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it

Question 16

qualifier

Answer 16

Qualifiers and intensifiers are words or phrases that are added to another word to modify its meaning, either by limiting it (He was somewhat busy) or by enhancing it (The dog was very cute).

Question 17

post-modifier

Answer 17

Postmodifiers always come after the noun they describe. For example, in “the tall girl standing up,” “standing up” is the postmodifier for the noun “the girl.” We know it’s the postmodifier because it follows the noun and describes what the girl’s doing.

Question 18

primary auxiliary verb

Answer 18

What is primary auxiliary verb with examples?
The primary auxiliary verbs are ‘be’, ‘have’ and ‘do’. These verbs modify other verbs in a full verb phrase, e.g. ‘is going’, ‘has gone’, or ‘did go’.

Question 19

modal auxiliary verb

Answer 19

used along with a main verb to express possibility, ability, permission, or necessity.

For example, in the statement ‘you must leave’, ‘must’ is a modal verb indicating that it’s necessary for the subject (‘you’) to perform the action of the verb (‘leave’).

Question 20

clause

Answer 20

A clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a predicate. Every complete sentence is made up of at least one clause.

Michael bought a new computer.

Question 21

subject

Answer 21

The subject is the ‘doer’ of the action. For example, take the sentence “We are watching Netflix.” Here, the subject is the pronoun ‘we

Question 22

object

Answer 22

we use the word ‘object’ to talk about the thing/person that the action is done to. Or, the one who receives the action

Question 23

complement

Answer 23

A complement can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective that renames or describes the subject of the sentence, and depending on the part of speech, these have different names.

Question 24

adverbial

Answer 24

words that we use to give more information about a verb.

They can be one word (angrily, here) or phrases (at home, in a few hours)

Question 25

coordination

Answer 25

syntactic structure that links together conjuncts and conjoins.

The presence of coordination is often signaled by the appearance of a coordinator (coordinating conjunction), e.g. and, or, but (in English)

Question 26

subordination

Answer 26

combining two sentences or ideas in a way that makes one more important than the other

For example Dakhon was hurrying, and he cut his finger. Subordination: Because Dakhon was hurrying, he cut his finge

Question 27

adverbial clause

Answer 27

a clause containing a subject and verb that acts as an adverb to modify the main clause of a sentence.

Question 28

noun clause

Answer 28

A noun clause is a subordinate clause that takes the place of any noun in the sentence, whether they are subjects, objects, or subject complements.

For example: She was saddened by what she had read.

Question 29

active voice

Answer 29

active voice asserts that the person or thing represented by the grammatical subject performs the action represented by the verb.

For example He had watched a movie. VS A movie had been watched by him.

Question 30

passive voice

Answer 30

When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice. Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject

Passive Voice Examples: Eggs are laid by hens VS hens lay eggs

Question 31

orthographic sentence

Answer 31

a sentence, typically written, that when well-formed consists of a string of text that follows punctuation rules of having its first letter capitalised and ending in a terminal mark

Question 32

interrogative

Answer 32

Interrogative sentences typically feature a word order with the predicate and primary verb before the subject.

For example, in the sentence “Who was the last speaker?”

Question 33

exclamative

Answer 33

exclamation mark m8

Question 34

declarative

Answer 34

A declarative sentence states a fact. This word can be used to describe any action or speech that makes a statement.

“I love the Red Sox!” is a declarative sentence — you’re claiming or asserting something.