Phonetics/Phonology Flashcards
Types of phonetics.
1) articulatory phonetics
2) acoustic phonetics
3) auditory phonetics
What is a phoneme?
Smallest unit of speech. /t/
What is a phone?
Speech sound (spoken phoneme). [t]
What is an allophone?
Variation of a phoneme.
E.g. team/steam - aspirated and unaspirated
Distinctive features of consonants:
- Voicing (vocal folds activity)
- Place of articulation (where the obstacle is)
- Manner of articulation (how articulators are set)
What is complementary distribution?
When phoneme becomes a different allophone depending on where it appears, and those two sounds never appear in the same context (lap and call, clear and dark l).
What is free variation?
Two different sounds occur in the same context, and one can be substituted for the other (/t/ in butter as [d] or [t]).
What is a minimal pair?
Two words which differ in only one phoneme (peak - beak).
Place of articulation:
Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Palato-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Manner of articulation:
Plosives (stops) Fricatives Affricates Nasals Liquids Semivowels (glides)
Bilabial
Place
/p/ /b/ /m/ /w/
Labio-dental
Place
/f/ /v/
Dental (interdental)
Place
/θ/ /ð/
Alveolar
Place
/d/ /t/ /z/ /s/ /n/ /l/ /r/
Palato-alveolar
Place
/ʃ/ /ӡ/ /ʧ/ /ʤ/
