Final Exam

Question 1

What is a morpheme?

Answer 1

Most basic unit of morphology which carries either lexical or grammatical meaning.

Question 2

What is morphology?

Answer 2

Study of word forms and word formation.

Question 3

What is syntax?

Answer 3

Study of sentence structure.

Question 4

What is semantics?

Answer 4

Branch of linguistics which studies meaning.

Question 5

What does the lexical semantics study?

Answer 5

It studies the meaning of words.

Question 6

What does the phrasal semantics study?

Answer 6

It studies the meaning of units larger than word.

Question 7

What is pragmatics?

Answer 7

The study of how context affects meaning.

Question 8

What is a word?

Answer 8

A unit of language with internal stability and positional mobility.

Question 9

What is a phrase?

Answer 9

Group of two or more words functioning as a meaningful unit within a sentence or clause.

Question 10

What is a clause?

Answer 10

Unit of grammatical organization next below sentence, it consists of a subject and predicate.

Question 11

What is ambiguity?

Answer 11

When word or phrase can have two meanings.

Question 12

What is a root?

Answer 12

Non-affix lexical morpheme that cannot be analyzed into smaller parts.

Question 13

What is a stem?

Answer 13

Part of a word to which affixes are added.

Question 14

What is suppletion?

Answer 14

Different root for word forms of a same word (be - am/is/are).

Question 15

Name the word formation processes.

Answer 15

Derivation
Clipping
Blending
Compounding
Acronym

Question 16

What is derivation?

Answer 16

Adding affixes to get new words.

Work - worker

Question 17

What is clipping?

Answer 17

Clipping off part of a word.

Hamburger - burger

Question 18

What is blending?

Answer 18

Combining some parts of two words.

International, police - Interpol

Question 19

What is compounding?

Answer 19

Combining two words.

Mail, man - mailman

Question 20

What is acronym?

Answer 20

Short form for something.

United States of America - USA

Question 21

What is inflectional paradigm?

Answer 21

Grammatical forms of the same word.

Book - books

Question 22

What is derivational paradigm?

Answer 22

Words created from one root.

National, nationality

Question 23

What is back formation?

Answer 23

Shortening, we omit something instead of adding affixes.

Babysitter - baby-sit

Question 24

What is periphrastic construction?

Answer 24

Using words instead of suffixes for creating new word forms.

Beautiful - the most beautiful

Question 25

Provide an example of verless clause.

Answer 25

Too tall to enter the room, he remained standing at the door.

Question 26

Provide an example of elliptical clause.

Answer 26

Danger!

Question 27

Provide an example of a relative clause.

Answer 27

The man who I work with came today.

Question 28

What are constituency tests and name them.

Answer 28

They reveal constituents.
“Stand alone” test
Substitution test
“Move as a unit” test

Question 29

What is a syntactic function?

Answer 29

Role of a unit in a sentence.

Question 30

Types of clauses.

Answer 30

Nominal

Modifying (relative modify nouns and adverbial modify verbs)

Question 31

What is structural ambiguity?

Answer 31

When a sentence carries two meanings.
Call me a cab.
The chicken is ready to eat.

Question 32

Name six important lexical relations.

Answer 32

Synonymy (big - huge)
Antonymy (big - small)
Hyponymy (color - red, blue = hyponyms)
Homonymy (homophones - four, for and homographs - bat)
Polysemy (one word has more meanings - head)
Euphemisms (less offensive words)

Question 33

What are constituents?

Answer 33

Natural groupings or parts of sentence.