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Phonetics > Phonetics Final Exam > Flashcards

Phonetics Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

all disorders involving speech sound production

A

speech sound disorders

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2
Q

difficulty with the motor execution of specific speech sounds

A

articulation disorders

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3
Q

difficulty with the sound system of a language or rules governing the combination and order of phonemes in words

A

phonological disorders

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4
Q

what two steps does assessment of speech sound disorders require

A

formal testing and transcription of a speech sample

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5
Q

often begin as a simplifications of adult speech patterns and some are typical for very young children until a certain age

A

phonological processes

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6
Q

list the three categories of phonological processes

A

syllable structure processes, substitution processes, assimilatory processes

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7
Q

the simplification of syllables

A

syllable structure processes

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8
Q

omission of an unstressed syllable in a word

A

weak syllable deletiona

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9
Q

at what age should weak syllable deletion resolve by

A

4

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10
Q

telephone -> /tɛfon/ is an example of

A

weak syllable deletion

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11
Q

omission of the final consonant in a word, resulting in an open final syllable

A

final consonant deletion

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12
Q

at what age should final consonant deletion resolve by

A

3:6

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13
Q

mouse -> /maʊ/ is an example of

A

final consonant deletion

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14
Q

repetition of an entire syllable

A

total reduplication

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15
Q

repetition of just a consonant or just a vowel from the previous syllable

A

partial reduplication

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16
Q

at what age should reduplication resolve by

A

2:6

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17
Q

movie -> /mumu/ is an example of

A

reduplication

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18
Q

omission of a consonant from a consonant cluster

A

cluster reduction

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19
Q

at what age should cluster reduction resolve by

A

5

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20
Q

snow -> /noʊ/, /soʊ/ is an example of what

A

cluster reduction

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21
Q

when you substitute one class of phonemes for another

A

substitution processes

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22
Q

Substitution of stops for fricatives or affricates

A

stopping

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23
Q

at what age should stopping resolve by

A

5

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24
Q

sake -> /teɪk/ is an example of

A

stopping

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25
Q

Substitution of alveolars for palatals or velars

A

fronting

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26
Q

at what age should fronting resolve

A

2:6-3

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27
Q

cat -> /tæt/ is an example of

A

fronting

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28
Q

Substitution of fricatives for affricates

A

deaffrication

29
Q

at what age should deaffrication resolve by

A

4

30
Q

juice -> /ʒus/ is an example of

A

deaffrication

31
Q

Substitution of glides for liquids

A

gliding

32
Q

at what age should gliding resolve by

A

6-7

33
Q

blue -> /bwu/ is an example of

A

gliding

34
Q

substitution of vowels for post-vocalic /r/ or /l/ (often in the final position of words)

A

vocalization

35
Q

little -> /wɪdoʊ/ is an example of

A

vocalization

36
Q

alteration in phoneme production due to phonetic environment

A

assimilatory processes

37
Q

if a child has an assimilatory process by what age would we expect it to resolve by

A

3

38
Q

list the 5 idiosyncratic processes

A

glottal replacement, backing, initial consonant deletion, stops replacing a glide, fricative replacing a stop

39
Q

specialized phonetic symbol used to represent different pronunciations of a phoneme (allophones) and suprasegmental features of speech (stress, prosody, etc.)

A

diacritic

40
Q

no audible release burst associated with the stop, occurs often at the end of words

A

unreleased stops

41
Q

a noise burst associated with the release of voiceless plosives, occurs often in the initial position of stressed syllables, can also occur at the end of words but should not occur when a voiceless stop follows /s/

A

aspiration of stops

42
Q

voiceless plosive that is released but not accompanied with an audible release burst, often follows an /s/

A

unaspirated stop

43
Q

when a vowel sound becomes nasalized because of surrounding nasal consonants, can occur anytime there is a vowel next to a nasal sound can also be used to indicate hyper nasality

A

nasalization

44
Q

audible air escape through the nose due to improper velopharyngeal closure, can occur due to cleft palate or any velopharyngeal weakness/abnormality

A

nasal emission

45
Q

nasal phonemes are produced without proper nasal resonance, often associated with colds/ URIs or hypo nasality

A

denasality

46
Q

when a voiceless phoneme is produced with partial voicing

A

voicing

47
Q

phonemes that are typically voiced become less voiced because of phonetic context

A

devoicing

48
Q

a consonant that is not produced with lip rounding becomes rounded due to phonetic context

A

labialization

49
Q

the tongue tip is making contact with the upper front teeth during production usually due to phonetic context

A

typical dentalization

50
Q

/s/ and /z/ are produced with the tongue touching the upper incisors (frontal lisp)

A

disordered dentalization

51
Q

The alveolar consonant /l/ is produced in the velar region, most common in post-vocalic /l/ and in ALL syllablic /l/

A

velarization

52
Q

list some ways that impact how speech and language may vary

A

geographic location, education level, socioeconomic status, social or ethnic group membership, gender, age, native language background

53
Q

individual idiosyncratic speech pattern characteristic of your own personality

A

idiolect

54
Q

the change in the way you speak in different settings

A

style shifting

55
Q

switching from one dialect to another or one language to another

A

code switching

56
Q

dialect associated with a particular social class

A

sociolect

57
Q

dialect associated with a particular ethnic group

A

ethnolect

58
Q

someone who is considered to be a nonstandard speaker of English is said to have a ____ ____

A

vernacular dialect

59
Q

present in Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and various other southern states

A

Southern American English

60
Q

name some characteristics of southern American English

A

diphthongs are commonly produced as monophthongs, in older folds they may delete the post-vocalic r and replace it with a vowel

61
Q

A commonly discussed ETHNOLECT

A

African American English

62
Q

List some differences in AAE

A

Deletion of word-final /t/ and /d/, elision of unstressed initial syllables, diphthongs sometimes become monophthongs, metathesis of /s/ in some words

63
Q

What is the most common language in the US other than English

A

spanish

64
Q

the influence of one’s native language on the learning of a new language

A

language transfer

65
Q

what influences the extent to which a speaker becomes masterful in the English when Spanish is their first language

A

age first exposed to English, degree to exposure to English at home, whether family is bilingual or monolingual

66
Q

list some Spanish sounds not found in English

A

/ꞵ/ , /ɣ/ , /ɲ/ , /x/

67
Q

There are ___ vowels in English, but only ___ vowels in Spanish

A

14, 5

68
Q

List the 5 vowels in Spanish

A

(/i, e, a, o, u/)

69
Q

List some characteristics of Spanish-influenced English

A

devoicing of consonants, /θ/ is produced as /t/, Reduction of final consonant clusters

Phonetics (3 decks)

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