Phonetics Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

In the newborn stage, the vocal tract is ____than an adults

A

3x smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At 6 months of age babies can recognize ___

A

phonetic differences for sounds of languages around the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

From age 6-12 months of age, babies only notice phonemes of the ____ they are exposed to

A

language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prelinguistic

A

0-1 year old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Words to speech: first words

A

1-2 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Babbling begins around ____months of age

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Canonical babble

A

emerges first (reduplicated and non-reduplicated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

over time the range of sounds increases within and across utterances and may include sounds not part of the L1

A

Variegated babble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Babbling becomes more complex and begins to incorporate prosodic features

A

jargon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What sounds or types of sounds and word shapes are common in early speech?

A
  • words that have repeating syllables
  • replacing ‘d’ with ‘g’
  • there’s a lot of variation among languages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

8-16 months of age involves production of what types of sounds?

A

labials, alveolars, and sometimes glottals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

From 17-24 months of age there is production of ___sounds like velars

A

back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At 2 years old, ____ include all 3 places of articulation and ____ and ____

A

consonant inventories, labial, nasals
they typically produce /f/ and /s/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The limitations of norms for speech sound mastery are used to identify ages of mastery in a phonological sense and they reflect ___. Children show individual_____

A

averages, differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Understand generalizations that can be made about consonant acquisition across languages

A
  • there’s a lot of variation across languages
  • there are general trends for groups of sounds, not specific ages of acquisition for individual sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What types of consonants emerge the earliest?

A

stops, nasals, and glides

17
Q

In the newborn stage, the larynx is

A

3x higher up causing there to be production of back sounds

18
Q

In the newborn stage, ____ and ____ motor skills require development

A

fine and gross

19
Q

In the newborn stage, ____ control and ____ architecture require development

A

respiratory and lung

20
Q

In the newborn stage, hearing abilities are _____

A

relatively well developed

21
Q

When babies are less than 6 months of age, they can recognize____ for sounds of languages around the world

A

phonetic differences

22
Q

At age 6-12 months of age babies only notice ___ of the ____ they are exposed to

A

phonemes, language

23
Q

At 6 months of age, the ____ and ___ control is developed enough for speech production

A

vocal tract and motor

24
Q

Infants can produce a wide range of sounds during ___

25
At 6-12 months of age, the ___ and ____control is developed enough to allow production. Infants produce a wide range of sounds by ___.
vocal tract and motor babbling
26
What type of consonants are produced later on?
fricatives and affricates
27
____(front) sounds are produced before ___ (back) sounds
anterior, posterior
28
The primary tool for assessment
speech samples
29
How do you calculate percentage of consonants correct? (PCC)
of correct consonants ----------------------------------- x 100 # of correct + # of incorrect
30
How well someone can understand the words someone is saying
intelligibility
31
Intelligibility goes up around 25% starting at the age 1
1 yr: 25% intelligible 2 yrs: 50% intelligible 3 yrs: 75% intelligible 4 yrs: 100% intelligible
32
There are 3 ways to evaluate a child's speech sample
accuracy, inventories, and error patterns
33
Correct or incorrect relative to a target language, you must understand what variety the individual is using and what the target is for that variety.
accuracy (relational analysis)
34
What is the full repertoire of consonants that a child uses?
inventories (independent analysis)
35
What kinds of error or phonological processes apply
error patterns (relational analysis)
36
If you need to know what the target was it's a ____analysis
relational
37
If you don't need to know the target it's an ____ analysis
independent
38
What is an example of single word elicited speech sampling
looking at a picture and they say the word