Consonants

Question 1

Obstruents

Answer 1

stops, fricatives, and affricates

Question 2

Sonorants

Answer 2

nasals and approximants (liquids and glides)

Question 3

p (voiceless) and b (voiced)

Answer 3

bilabial stops

Question 4

t (voiceless) and d (voiced)

Answer 4

alveolar stops

Question 5

k (voiceless) and g (voiced)

Answer 5

velar stops

Question 6

f (voiceless) and v (voiced)

Answer 6

Labio-dental fricatives

Question 7

θ (voiceless) ex. thistle and ð (voiced) ex. though

Answer 7

Dental fricatives

Question 8

s (voiceless) and z (voiced)

Answer 8

alveolar fricatives

Question 9

ʃ (voiced) ex. shoe and ʒ (voiceless) ex. collage

Answer 9

Palatal fricatives

Question 10

ʧ (voiceless) ex. rich and ʤ (voiced) ex. judge

Answer 10

Palato-alveolar affricates

Question 11

m

Answer 11

Bilabial nasal

Question 12

n

Answer 12

Alveolar nasal

Question 13

ŋ ex. sing

Answer 13

velar nasal

Question 14

l (L)

Answer 14

alveolar liquid

Question 15

ɹ ( retroflex - tongue tip turned up or bunched - tongue back and root retracted)

Answer 15

alveolar liquid

Question 16

w

Answer 16

bilabial/velar glide

Question 17

j

Answer 17

palatal glide

Question 18

Voiceless stops p, t, and k are aspirated when they are in the syllable-initial position

Answer 18

diacritic for aspiration: [‘spɪt]

Question 19

Voiced consonants (b, d, and g) are devoiced or partially devoiced in word-final position

Answer 19

diacritic symbol for devoicing: [bæːɡ̥]

Question 20

t and d are produced as tap [ɾ] when they occur after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.

Answer 20

ex. “butter” /ˈbʌ.təɹ/ → [ˈbʌː.ɾɚː]

Question 21

Stops are unreleased when they occur before a nasal or stop

Answer 21

“logged” /ˈlɑɡd/ → [ˈlɑːɡ̚ d]

Question 22

t is produced as a glottal stop when it comes before an unstressed vowel followed by a syllabic “n”

Answer 22

“button” /ˈbʌ.tʌn/ → [ˈbuː.ʔn̩ ] the “t” isn’t fully pronounced like there’s a catch in your throat

Question 23

/l/ is velarized when it occurs in the coda (end) of a syllable

Answer 23

“pull” /ˈpʊl/ → [ˈpʰʊːɫ]

Question 24

Bilabial

Answer 24

bringing both lips together during articulation

Question 25

Alveolar

Answer 25

sounds produced by touching the tongue to the alveolar ridge (bony ridge behind the upper teeth)

Question 26

Velar

Answer 26

sounds produced by the back of the tongue making contact with the soft fleshy part of the roof of the mouth

Question 27

Palatal

Answer 27

sound produced by raising the body of the tongue to the hard palate (bony hard part of the roof of the mouth)

Question 28

Labio-dental

Answer 28

sounds produced when the lower lip comes in contact with the upper teeth

Question 29

Palato-alveolar

Answer 29

sounds produced when the tongue makes contact with the area between the hard palate and the alveolar ridge

Question 30

p,b,t,d,k,g

Answer 30

stops

Question 31

f,v,θ,ð,s,z,ʃ,ʒ

Answer 31

fricatives

Question 32

ʧ and ʤ

Answer 32

affricates

Question 33

m,n,ŋ

Answer 33

nasals