Phonetics - Articulatory Summaries Flashcards

Question

/ʍ/ /hw/

Answer 1

Voiceless Labial & Velar Fricative / Glide

Answer 2

Voiced Alveolar Fricative

Answer 3

Glottal Stop

Answer 4

Voiceless Labio-Palatal Approximate (Lips: Rounded)

Answer 5

Voiced Uvular Fricative

Answer 6

Voiced Uvular Trill

Answer 7

/tʃ/ /dʒ/

Answer 8

/l/ /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /n/

Answer 9

/∫/ /ʒ/ /ʧ/ /ʤ/

Answer 10

/∫/ /ʒ/ /ʧ/ /ʤ/ /j/ /r/

Answer 11

/p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ /hw/ or /ʍ/ (voiceless "w")

Answer 12

/f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/

Answer 13

/j/ /w/ /ʍ/ or /hw/

Answer 14

/w/ /ʍ/ or /hw/

Answer 15

/m/ /n/ /ŋ/

Answer 16

/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /ʔ/

Answer 17

/k/ /g/ /ŋ/

Answer 18

Combines stops and fricatives Velopharynx is closed

Answer 19

Vocal tract is narrowed at place of articulation

Answer 20

Articulators form a narrow channel Air pressure increases behind the constriction Air flows through narrow opening This creates a continuous friction noise Velopharnyx is closed

Answer 21

Narrower than for vowels Wider than for stops & fricatives Articulators make a gliding motion from a constriction to a vowel (which is more open) Velopharnyx is almost always closed Sound energy passes through mouth - similar to vowels

Answer 22

Sound energy is directed through mouth Can be sustained for an unlimited amount of time Velopharnyx is almost always closed Oral passageway is narrower than for vowels Wider than for stops, fricatives, and nasals

Answer 23

Oral tract is completely closed Velopharnyx is open Sound energy goes through the nasal cavities Even if oral cavity opens, sound will continue to travel through the nose

Answer 24

Oral cavity is completely closed for some brief interval Velopharnyx is closed Upon release a small burst of air is heard (Open and closing movement happen very quickly)

Answer 25

Articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula

Answer 26

Tongue: Low Back Jaw: Open Lips: Unrounded and widely open The only back vowel that is unrounded Velopharynx: Open for nasal contexts Lower than the other vowels Lax

Answer 27

Tongue: Low Front Lips: Unrounded Lax

Answer 28

Onglide: Low Back Vowel Offglide: Mid-High Front Vowel Tongue: Moves up and forward Jaw: Mid open and closes somewhat Lips: Unrounded Mid-Open Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized

Answer 29

Onglide: Low Back vowel or low central(ish) vowel Offglide: Mid High Back Quite a bit of variation with this sound

Answer 30

Tongue: Low The lowest of the all the front vowels Front The least forward of all the front vowels Jaw: Open Position Lips: Unrounded Frequently retracted Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Lower than other front vowels Lax - Long

Answer 31

Tongue: Low-Mid Back Jaw: Mid Lips: Rounded(ish) Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Tense

Answer 32

Onglide: Mid-Low Back Vowel Offglide: Mid-High Front Vowel Tongue: Moves upward and forward Jaw: Mid May close slightly Lips: Round to Unround Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized

Answer 33

Tongue: Low-Mid Front Jaw: Mid Position Lips: Unrounded Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Lax

Answer 34

Tongue: Mid Front Jaw: Mid position Lips: Unrounded Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Placement: Unstressed Syllables Tense - Longer

Answer 35

Tongue: Mid Front Moves upward Jaw: Mid May close slightly Lips: Unrounded Mid Open Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Tense - Long

Answer 36

Tongue: Mid Central Lips: Rounded Tense - Long

Answer 37

Tongue: Mid Central Jaw: Mid-Open Lips: Rounded Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Placement: Stressed Syllables Tense - Long

Answer 38

Tongue: Mid Central Jaw: Closed to Mid-Open Lips: Unrounded Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Placement: Unstressed Syllables Lax - Very Short

Answer 39

Tongue: Mid Central Jaw: Closed to mid Lips: Rounded (optional) Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Placement: Unstressed Syllables Lax - Long

Answer 40

Tongue: Front The most high fronted The highest of all American English vowels Jaw: Closed or Elevated Lips: Unrounded Possibly everted or retracted Velopharynx: Normally closed and hight (unless nasalized) Tense - Long

Answer 41

Tongue: High-Mid Front Jaw: Closed to mid-open Lips: Unrounded Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Lax - Shorter

Answer 42

Tongue: Mid Back Jaw: Closed to Mid Lips: Rounded Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Placement: Unstressed Syllables

Answer 43

Tongue: Mid Back Moves upward Jaw: Mid-Open Closes slightly Lips: Rounded and narrowing Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalize

Answer 44

Tongue: High Back Jaw: Closed Lips: Rounded and/or narrowed Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Velum is high Tense

Answer 45

Tongue: High-Mid Back Jaw: Closed to Mid-Open Lips: Rounded Velopharynx: Open in nasal contexts Lax

Answer 46

Tongue: Low mid (The only low mid vowel in English) Back central Jaw: Varies - but relatively open Lips: Unrounded Velopharynx: Closed unless nasalized Placement: Stressed Syllables Lax

Answer 47

/u/ /ʊ/ /o/ & /oʊ/ /ɔ/ /ɑ/

Answer 48

/ʌ/ /ə/ /ɝ/ /ɚ/ /ɜ/

Answer 49

/eɪ/ /oʊ/ /ɑɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /aʊ/

Answer 50

/i/ /ɪ/ /e/ & /eɪ/ /ɛ/ /æ/

Answer 51

/ɪ/ /ɛ/ /æ/ /ʊ/ /ʌ/ /ə/ /ɚ/

Answer 52

/ɝ/ /ɚ/ /ɜ/

Answer 53

/i/ /ɪ/ /e/ & /eɪ/ /ɛ/ /æ/ /ʌ/ /ɛ/ /ə/ /ɑ/

Answer 54

/i/ /e/ & /eɪ/ /u/ /o/ & /oʊ/ /ɔ/ /ɑ/ /ɜ/ /ɝ/

Answer 55

/u/ /ʊ/ /o/ & /oʊ/ /ɔ/ /ɝ/ /ɚ/

Answer 56

A brief sound proceeding the main sound [ ᵊo͞ʊ ]

Answer 57

There are 3 degrees of stress When dealing with stress, the top row is usually left blank for stress marking [ u¹ ], [ u² ], [ u³ ]

Answer 58

The highest degree of stress in an utterance It is assumed that every utterance has at least one syllable with primary stress [ u¹ ]

Answer 59

It is possible for a multisyllabic word to have 2+ syllables with secondary stress [ u² ]

Answer 60

The lowest degree of stress in an utterance Can be used on more than one syllable [ u³ ]

Answer 61

Produced with nasal resonance by means of an open velopharyngeal port We usually nasalize vowels before or after nasal consonants [ ɛ̃ ]

Answer 62

Release of noise energy through the nose Does not usually occur in normal speech Occurs often in the speech of those with Cleft Palate or other velopharyngeal incompetence [ ɛ͊ ]

Answer 63

Produced without nasalization Rarely occurs in normal English Might be heard in a speaker with a cold or a child with cerebral palsy (Tilda w/ slash through it)

Answer 64

Vowels produced with lip rounding Only used for vowels that are normally not rounded [ u͗ ]

Answer 65

Vowels produced without lip rounding Only used for vowels that are normally rounded [ u͑ ]

Answer 66

Consonants produced with a narrowing of the lips Only used for consonants that are normally produced without a narrowing of the lips [ kʷ ]

Answer 67

Consonants produced without lip narrowing. Only used for consonants that normally have lip narrowing [ wͫ ]

Answer 68

Produced with a curling back of the lip (sometimes over the teeth) This is not common Mostly seen with speakers who are neurologically or structurally impaired [ b̽ ]

Answer 69

Articulated with the tip of the tongue placed against the back of the teeth [ t̪ ]

Answer 70

The blade of the tongue is close to the palatal area behind the alveolar ridge [ s̡ ]

Answer 71

Air is released around the sides of the tongue [ s̯ ]

Answer 72

Rhotacized consonants Usually occur before rhotacized vowels [symbol needed]

Answer 73

There is constriction of the vocal tract between the tongue and the velum [ ʃ̢ ]

Answer 74

The tongue body is displace towards the center This can be a natural consequence of an increased speaking rate or reduced stress [ æ̱ ]

Answer 75

The tongue body is drawn back from the vowel target position It moves towards the back vowels [ æ̙ ]

Answer 76

The tongue body is moved forward It moves towards the front vowels [ ɑ̘ ]

Answer 77

The tongue is elevated above the usual position for the phoneme [ ʊ̝ ]

Answer 78

The tongue is lower than usual for the particular phoneme [ ʊ̞ ]

Answer 79

The place of articulation is unusually forward Only applies to consonants [ s͔ ]

Answer 80

The place of articulation is unusually back Only applies to consonants [ z͕ ]

Answer 81

A /r/-consonant that is significantly lacking in /r/-ness but that cannot fall into a different phonemic catagory

Answer 82

??? Creaky Voice Vocal Abuse [ ɑ̣ ]

Answer 83

Murmured Characterized by air wastage Often contains noise at the larynx The vocal folds vibrate but do not close [ e̤͞ɪ ]

Answer 84

Has a fricative-like airflow through a narrow constriction Occurs from a stop formation failure [ t͓ ]

Answer 85

Hissed Almost exclusively restricted to fricatives Has a sharply tuned noise source like normal whistling [ s̭̩ ]

Answer 86

Made with rapid, repetitive movements that are basically vibratory in nature [ r̩ ̗ ]

Answer 87

Consonantly that can serve as the syllable nucleus. Usually restricted to /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, & /r/ [ n̩ ]

Answer 88

A brief sound immediately following a more dominant sound [ o͞ʊᵊ ]

Answer 89

Has two audible intervals of noise: the stop burst & a longer interval of air (/h/ or a hiss) [ tʰ ]

Answer 90

Has an audible stop burst but no following interval of aspiration Usually occurs when stops immediately follow fricatives Children will sometimes produce this ??? even when omitting the /s/ ( [ st ̄̄ɑp ] vs. [ t ̄̄ɑp ] ) [ t ̄̄ ]

Answer 91

When the articulatory closure is not broken by an audible burst of air [ p ̚ ]

Answer 92

Sound is prolonged or greater than expected Can be used for double consonants like "Sad Day" ( [ sæd:e͞ɪ ] ) [ æ: ]

Answer 93

The sound is unusually brief in duration Children will sometimes say /s/ so short that it sounds like /t/ When we can identify this as /s/, we write it as [ s> ]

Answer 94

No markings are used since there is no special time seperation "I did it" = [ ɑ͞ɪdɪdɪt ]

Answer 95

A short gap that seperates phone boundaries in ambiguous or confusable utterances "A nice man" = [ ənɑɪs+mæn ] "An ice man" = [ ən+ɑɪsmæn ]

Answer 96

Used to represent phrasing Is usually slightly longer than syllabic open junctures [ lɛtshɛlp ̩ʤeɪn ] [ ̩ ]

Answer 97

Associated with declarative statements There is a falling pitch on the last syllable [ tʊde͞ɪ↓]

Answer 98

Signifies an interrogation (question) The rise is pitch is made on the final syllable [ tʊde͞ɪ↑]

Answer 99

Signifies the speaker's intention to continue after a pause Is an expression of continued interest in another speaker's utterances Is also used as the topic of a list or during roll call [ tʊde͞ɪ→]

Answer 100

Used for two distinct articulations being linked together in one segment [ d͡zu ]

Answer 101

Used for speech that is unclear or not understood [ ∗ ]

Answer 102

Circled phonemes are used when the clinician is unsure about something A circled "?" can also be used [ ⓑ ], [ Circled ? ]