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Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Physiology of Speech > Phonation > Flashcards

Phonation Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx

A

Valving mechanism that opens and closes

Lies atop the trachea in the anterior portion of the neck

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2
Q

Vocal folds

A

Vibrate to produce sound

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3
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Larynx is suspended from this
Floats under mandible
Muscles of tongue, mandible, skull, and larynx are attached to this

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4
Q

Epiglottis

A

Protective structure

Leaf shapes piece of cartilage

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5
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Largest laryngeal cartilage

Forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx

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6
Q

Cornua

A

Horns that sit atop the trachea

Superior and inferior

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7
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Links wirh thyroid cartilage and paired arytenoid cartilages
Completely surrounds trachea
Larger in the back than in the front

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8
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

Small, pyramid shaped cartilages
Connect to the superior posterior cricoid
Has vocal and muscular processes

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9
Q

Corniculate cartilages

A

Sit on the apex of the arytenoids

Assist in reducing the laryngeal opening when a person is swallowing

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10
Q

Cuneiform cartilages

A

Tiny, cone-shaped

Located under the mucous membrane that covers the aryepiglottic folds

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11
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Primarily responsible for controlling sound production

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12
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle
Paired
Attached to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

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13
Q

Internal Thyroarytenoid

A

Vocalis muscle
Vocal folds
Primary portion
Vibrate and produce sound

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14
Q

External thyroarytenoid

A

Thyromuscularis muscle
lateral to vocalis
aids in vocal fold adduction

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15
Q

Adductor muscles of VF

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transvere arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid

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16
Q

Abductor muscle of VF

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

17
Q

Vagus Nerve (X)

A

Innervates most intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, cricothyroid, posterior cricoarytenoid

18
Q

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

A

Support the larynx and fix its position
Have one attachment to a structure within the larynx and one attachment to a structure outside the larynx
All attached to the hyoid bone

19
Q

Suprahyoid muscles (elevators)

A 
Digastric (V, VII)
Geniohyoid (XII)
Mylohyoid (V)
Stylohyoid (VII)
Hyoglossus (XII)
Genioglossus (XII)
20
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles (Depressors)

A

Thyrohyoid (XII)
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

21
Q

Aryepiglottic folds

A

Composed of a ring of connective tissue and muscle extending from tips of arytenoid to the epiglottis
Separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway

22
Q

Ventricular (False) Vocal Folds

A

Vibrate only at very low fundamental frequencies

Compress during coughing and lifting heavy items

23
Q

Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory

A

Vocal folds vibrate because of the forces and pressure of air and the elasticity of vocal folds

24
Q

Bernoulli Effect

A

Occurs when the velocity of gas or fluid increases when it passes through a constriction, decreasing the pressure of the gas
Resulting decrease in pressure causes sucking motion of the vocal folds towards one another

25
Q

Mucosal Wave Action

A 
Critical to vibration of vocal folds
The cover (epithelium and superficial lamina propria/Reinke’s space) and transition (intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria) over the vocalis muscle slide and produce a wave
26
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial nerve

Innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

27
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

Vagus nerve

Branches into Superior Laryngeal Nerve and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

28
Q

SLN (X)

A

Internal branch receives all sensory information from the larynx
External branch supplies motor innervation solely to the cricothyroid muscle

29
Q

RLN (X)

A

Supplies all motor innervation to the interarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Receives all sensory info from below the VF

Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Physiology of Speech (5 decks)

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