Phonation

Question 1

Larynx

Answer 1

Valving mechanism that opens and closes

Lies atop the trachea in the anterior portion of the neck

Question 2

Vocal folds

Answer 2

Vibrate to produce sound

Question 3

Hyoid bone

Answer 3

Larynx is suspended from this
Floats under mandible
Muscles of tongue, mandible, skull, and larynx are attached to this

Question 4

Epiglottis

Answer 4

Protective structure

Leaf shapes piece of cartilage

Question 5

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 5

Largest laryngeal cartilage

Forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx

Question 6

Cornua

Answer 6

Horns that sit atop the trachea

Superior and inferior

Question 7

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 7

Links wirh thyroid cartilage and paired arytenoid cartilages
Completely surrounds trachea
Larger in the back than in the front

Question 8

Arytenoid cartilages

Answer 8

Small, pyramid shaped cartilages
Connect to the superior posterior cricoid
Has vocal and muscular processes

Question 9

Corniculate cartilages

Answer 9

Sit on the apex of the arytenoids

Assist in reducing the laryngeal opening when a person is swallowing

Question 10

Cuneiform cartilages

Answer 10

Tiny, cone-shaped

Located under the mucous membrane that covers the aryepiglottic folds

Question 11

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 11

Primarily responsible for controlling sound production

Question 12

Thyroarytenoid

Answer 12

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle
Paired
Attached to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

Question 13

Internal Thyroarytenoid

Answer 13

Vocalis muscle
Vocal folds
Primary portion
Vibrate and produce sound

Question 14

External thyroarytenoid

Answer 14

Thyromuscularis muscle
lateral to vocalis
aids in vocal fold adduction

Question 15

Adductor muscles of VF

Answer 15

Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transvere arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid

Question 16

Abductor muscle of VF

Answer 16

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 17

Vagus Nerve (X)

Answer 17

Innervates most intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, cricothyroid, posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 18

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Answer 18

Support the larynx and fix its position
Have one attachment to a structure within the larynx and one attachment to a structure outside the larynx
All attached to the hyoid bone

Question 19

Suprahyoid muscles (elevators)

Answer 19

Digastric (V, VII)
Geniohyoid (XII)
Mylohyoid (V)
Stylohyoid (VII)
Hyoglossus (XII)
Genioglossus (XII)

Question 20

Infrahyoid Muscles (Depressors)

Answer 20

Thyrohyoid (XII)
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

Question 21

Aryepiglottic folds

Answer 21

Composed of a ring of connective tissue and muscle extending from tips of arytenoid to the epiglottis
Separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway

Question 22

Ventricular (False) Vocal Folds

Answer 22

Vibrate only at very low fundamental frequencies

Compress during coughing and lifting heavy items

Question 23

Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory

Answer 23

Vocal folds vibrate because of the forces and pressure of air and the elasticity of vocal folds

Question 24

Bernoulli Effect

Answer 24

Occurs when the velocity of gas or fluid increases when it passes through a constriction, decreasing the pressure of the gas
Resulting decrease in pressure causes sucking motion of the vocal folds towards one another

Question 25

Mucosal Wave Action

Answer 25

``` Critical to vibration of vocal folds The cover (epithelium and superficial lamina propria/Reinke’s space) and transition (intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria) over the vocalis muscle slide and produce a wave ```

Question 26

Cranial Nerve VII

Answer 26

Facial nerve | Innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 27

Cranial nerve X

Answer 27

Vagus nerve | Branches into Superior Laryngeal Nerve and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 28

SLN (X)

Answer 28

Internal branch receives all sensory information from the larynx External branch supplies motor innervation solely to the cricothyroid muscle

Question 29

RLN (X)

Answer 29

Supplies all motor innervation to the interarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles Receives all sensory info from below the VF