Phon. Proc. Mod 1 Exam 2 Flashcards
Stimulability
ability of a child to accurately produce a speech sound when provided with appropriate cues or instruction.
Stimulability Testing
testing ability to produce misarticulated sound when cued or stimulated
Inventory of Speech Sounds
list of speech sounds can be articulated within normal limits
Delayed imitation
diagnostic technique where a speech sound is given, then a delay period, then cued to imitate
Distribution of Speech Sounds:
the norm and aberrant articulations occurred within a word
Phonetic Context
sound that precedes or follows the target phoneme. Sound can change based on phonetic context
Intelligibility
how well child is understood by listeners (%)
Auditory discrimination
done with clients that show collapse of 2 or more phonemic contrasts into a single sound. Shows if they can tell the diff between sounds
Miccio Probe
standardized too to assess phonological awareness skills. Tests blending, segmenting, and manip.
Phonological Awareness
aware of syllables, rhymes, and phonemes.
Phonetic Placement Method
learn correct articulation and production of speech sounds.
Auditory Stimulation/Imitation
listening to and imitating correct models of speech sounds. Helps with perception
Sound Modification Method
uses sounds that the client makes and corrects them
Minimal Pair Contrast Therapy
use of pairs of words that differ by one phoneme. Generalization will occur later
Minimal Opposition
beginning unit in therapy, sounds differ in one to two prod. features, substitution, for clients who substitute and are stem. for one phoneme (stop, front, FCD)
Maximal Oppositions
beginning unit in therapy, choose sounds that are very different, for clients who present with moderate to sever phon. disorders
Multiple Oppositions
collapse of multiple phonemes, several sounds within 1 phoneme collapse, for reverse speech disorders and demonstrate a collapse of phonemic contracts that incorporate several sounds
Phon. Process Therapy
phon. process is selected and minimal pair contrasts are employed. For persistent of only a limited # of phonological processes
Cycles Training
phon patterns that are to be remediated are trained successively during specific time periods (cycles)
Screening
activities/tests for those who need further eval./can be formal/informal/gives initial impression but no diagn
Evaluation
activities/tests gather data
Choosing a Test
age/dev. level, availability, clinician pref. or a.d, stand. scores, analysis, inclusion of sounds /artic vs phon./misartic vs patterns (phon. processes)
Articulation Test
consonants tested by spontaneous naming of pictures/A. easy to administer/A. short time/A. quantifiable incorrect/A. several tests=stand. scores/D. isolated words/D. not enough info about phon.system/no total inventory/D. phonetic context not used
Errors during Artic Test
Substitution, omission, distortion (narrow, 1-3 severity, 2 way), addition
What Influences Intelligibility
errors, type of errors (mult. pattern occurrence, omissions, idiosyncratic patterns), consist. of errors, frequency of occurrence of error sounds in a language
Articulatory Complexity
length, position, syllable structure, stress, coarticulation, familiarity/high frequency
Prognosis
stimulability, consistency of errors, types of errors, frequency of occurrence, PCC, overall intelligibility, sensory-perceptual skills, motor skills
Evaluation/Assessment
case history (E. medical, family, and dev. history, hearing screening (E. pure tone audiometry and right and left), oral mech exam (M. structure and func. of oral mech and symmetry, lips, tongue, teeth, palate), language test (M. as need), artic/phon test (stimu. test, speech/lang. sample (E. convers. and narrative sample)
Levels of Treatment
isolation, nonsense syllables, words, structured contexts (phrases/sent.), spont. speech
Easy Isolation
fricatives (/f//v//θ//ð/ /s//z/ /ʃ//ʒ/ /h/), glides (/w//j/), liquids (/l//r/)
Goals
long range targets and obj. are short term targets
Objectives
describe what client is expected to do in observable, measurable terms
Word Cards
words-minimal unit of prod. word cards-picture, monosyllabic and incorporate facilitative phonetic environments (sounds together), object and action words pref., approp. for vocal level of child
Behavioral Objectives
Do Statement: specific action client is expects to preform (action verbs). Condition: condition client will preform the action, prompting vs independence, spontaneous?, conversational speech. Criterion: level at which behavior must be performed in order to achieve objective (8/10 trials, 75% of opportunities in 30 min session, 9/10 spoken sent.)
Artic Disorder
inability produce certain speech sounds
Phon Disorder
dif. phonemic level in language (more severe)
Motor Speech Disorders
Cerebral Palsy: Spasticity, Ataxia and Dyskinesias (respiratory dif., laryngeal dysfunction, nasality, articulatory defic.). Apraxia : inapprop. prosody, more errors, (consonant clusters, fricatives, affricates), unusual errors, large % omission errors, dif. prod./maint. approp. voicing, vowel/diphthong errors, dif. sequencing SS and syll., dif. nasality and nasal emission, groping and silent posturing, prosodic impairment, dif. identify rhymes and syllables) Dysarthria: presence of muscular weakness, change in muscular tone sec. to neuro. involve., respiration, phon, reson., and artic affected, speech errors result from disruption of the central and peripheral NS control of muscular movements, consistent, predictable, artic errors
Treatment for Artic Errors
instruction of how to move articulators, progress form one sound to the next, may use auditory disc. tasks. assumes minimal competency and move to next stage when certain level of accuracy is achieved (80-90%)
Treatment for Phon Errors
phon process selected and minimal pair contrast therapy (word that differ by one phoneme), cycles training (pick several sounds in a cycle)
Artic Intervention
behavioral, phonemes trained in steps of linguistic complexity, longitudinal
Phon Intervention: treating error patterns, starting with earliest dev. pattern in error, linguistic based, horizontal
