Phobias + Depression

Question 1

3 types of phobias

Answer 1

specific
social
agoraphobia

Question 2

cognitive characteristics (phobia)

Answer 2

selective attention (focus)
Irrational belief
Cognitive distortion

Question 3

Behavioural characteristics (phobia)

Answer 3

Run away
Avoidance
Freeze

Question 4

Emotional characteristics (phobia)

Answer 4

Emotional distress
crying

Question 5

systematic desensitisation (SD)

Answer 5

behavioural therapy to reduce phobic anxiety through classical condititoning

Question 6

3 processes involved in SD

Answer 6

Anxiety hierarchy - list of situations related to the phobic stimulus that produce anxiety from least - most frightening

Relaxation - therapist teaches patient to relax (breathe)

Flooding - immediate exposure to phobia

Question 7

Haemophobia

Answer 7

fear of blood

Question 8

Emetophobia

Answer 8

Sickness

Question 9

Kakorrhaphiophobia

Answer 9

Fear of failure

Question 10

Aerophobia

Answer 10

flying

Question 11

Androphobia

Answer 11

Fear of men

Question 12

Odontophobia

Answer 12

fear of dentist

Question 13

Agoraphobia

Answer 13

Open spaces

Question 14

classical conditioning

Answer 14

learning through association

unconditioned stimulus being paired with a neutral stimulus, therefore the unconditioned response slowly turns into a conditioned stimulus

Question 15

operant conditioning

Answer 15

learning through positive/negative reinforcement
Maintains a phobia

Question 16

Major depressive disorder

Answer 16

severe but short-term depression

Question 17

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 17

long-term depression

Question 18

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 18

childhood temper tantrums

Question 19

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Answer 19

disruption to mood during menstruation

Question 20

Aaron Beck (depression)

Answer 20

Depression is caused by cognitive vulnerability - focus on the negative and ignore the positive

Question 21

Aaron beck: negative schemas

Answer 21

information we have about ourselves developed through experience

Schemas are negative so trigger negative thoughts about the self

Question 22

Aaron Beck: The negative triad

Answer 22

World
Future
Yourself

Question 23

Albert Ellis (depression)

Answer 23

good mental health is the result of rational thinking –> depression is the result of irrational thinking

Question 24

Albert Ellis: What is the A-B-C 3 stage model

Answer 24

explains how irrational thoughts could lead to depression

Question 25

A

Answer 25

Activating event
(E.g, someone ignoring you)

Question 26

B

Answer 26

Beliefs
Interpretation of the event

Question 27

C

Answer 27

Consequences
ration belief - ill talk to my friend later
Irrational belief - ill ignore her

Question 28

behavioural characteristics (Depression)

Answer 28

cant sleep ( appetite, insomnia)

agression/self harm (verbal/physicsl)

activity levels (Impacts work/social life, cant relax)

Question 29

emotional characteristics (depression)

Answer 29

lowered mood

anger

lowered self-esteem (hate themselves)

Question 30

Cognitive characteristics (depression)

Answer 30

Poor concentration (cant complete tasks)

absolutist thinking

dwelling on negative

Question 31

behavioural explanation of phobias

Answer 31

• phobias are learnt through classical conditioning
• fear is acquired when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a frightening event
• If a person with a phobia is presented with the object or situation they fear, their response is to avoid it.

Question 32

limitation of the behavioural explanation of phobias

Answer 32

Not all phobias are triggered by a traumatic experience

Question 33

two - process model

Answer 33

classical conditioning - association of fear with neutral stimulus to produce conditioned response - generalisation of fear to other similar objects

operant conditioning - maintains phobia by avoiding it