Phlebotomy Final Flashcards
Fomite
A non-living surface that has been contaminated
Infection
Invasion of a host tissue by a disease causing organism
Virulence
Potency of the pathogen
Strict/Complete Isolation
Gloves, mask/respirator, gown
Droplet Isolation
Gloves, gown, mask, goggles/faceshield
Blood/Bodily Fluid Isolation
Gloves, gown, mask, shield
Respiratory Isolation
Mask/n95/respirator
Contact Isolation
Gloves and gown
Reverse Isolation
Mask, gown, gloves, baseline PPE
Infectious Waste
Any piece of equipment that has been directly exposed to a patient’s blood could pose a risk of infection.
FDA
Federal agency that oversees the regulation of drugs and the claims made by pharmaceutical companies. Evaluates the effectiveness of drugs based on research and makes information available to the public about outcomes of treatments with specific medications, devices and equipment. Also regulates food.
CDC
Responsible for monitoring occupational safety and health and providing education and standards for public health.
OSHA
Sets guidelines for workplace safety and employee training to reduce workplace accidents.
What is different about hand washing when contaminated with blood?
Use of an anti-microbial soap. After washing then use either 50% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol. Then washing again with the anti-microbial soap.
What information does a specimen label include at the minimum?
Patient name, time of draw, date and phlebotomist’s initials.
Median Cubital Vein
1st choice of veins. Center of A/C. Large and easy to palpate. Stable and anchored very well. No structures below to injure. Least likely to develop a hematoma.
Cephalic Vein
Usually the 2nd option for vein selection. Outside (lateral) edge of A/C. Straight and superficial. Rolls more.
Basilic Vein
Last option of veins for the A/C. It is the closest to the body on the A/C. Large and easy to palpate. Rolls less than cephalic. Often near or on top of the brachial artery and median cutaneous nerve.
How are hand draws different?
Smaller and more superficial veins. Use butterfly needle. Much more anchoring needed since veins aren’t anchored well.
What is the order of draw by color?
Yellow
Light Blue
Red, Red Tiger, Gold, Orange
Light Green, Green Tiger, Dark Green
Lavender/Pink
White/Pearl
Grey
Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cells. Live 100-120 days. Hemoglobin abundant in cell membrane. No nucleus. Hemolyze easily.
Leukocytes
White Blood Cells. Indicates disease/infection. 5 types. Have a nucleus.
Thrombocytes
Platelets. Main function is clotting/hemostasis. 5-9 day lifespan.
Reticulocyte
Immature/newly formed RBC. Formed in bone marrow.
Neutrophil
First responder to beginning stage of inflammation. Most prominent type of WBC in pus. Participates in phagocytosis.
Eosinophil
Responsible for mostly attacking multicellular parasites and certain infections. Helps with inflammation.
Basophil
Most uncommon type of WBC. Carry histamine which causes allergic reaction responses. Also causes antigen response.
Monocyte
Largest WBC. Responsible for protecting tissue from foreign matter by using phagocytosis.
Lymphocytes
Second most numerous WBC. Help with immune system. Two types (T and B cells)
T-Cells
Directly attack pathogens.
B-Cells
Release immunoglobulins which produce antibodies and spread through body to eliminate pathogens. Indirectly kill pathogens.
Hemostasis
Clotting. Ability to clot and close wounds through vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation.
Hematoma
Leakage of blood out of the vessel into surrounding tissue.
Hemopoiesis/Hematopoiesis
Red Blood Cell production. Occurs in bone marrow
Fibrin Clot Formation
A permanent clot is formed out of fibrin using a complex sequence of interactions.
Fibrinolysis
Once the tissue has a repaired itself, the clot is no longer needed. A substance called plasmid breaks up the fibrin clot into small pieces called fibrin degradation products, which are then removed by specialized cells.
Vasoconstriction
The vessel that was damaged narrows in order to slow the blood flow to the area.
Platelet plug formation
A protein in the basement membrane of the vessel is exposed due to damage. It allows platelets to adhere to one another and to the injured area to cover over the damage.
Steps of Hemostasis
Vasoconstriction
Platelet Plug Formation
Fibrin Clot Formation
Fibrinolysis
Anemia
Lower than normal RBCs in circulatory system
Leukemia
Higher than normal number of WBCs in circulatory system
Neutropenia
Abnormally low levels of WBCs
Polycythemia
Production of too many RBCs
Thrombocytosis
Increased platelets in the circulatory system.
Thrombocytopenia
Decreased platelets in the circulatory system
How many liters do healthy adults usually have of blood?
5
Where is blood on the pH scale compared to water?
It is more basic than water
Bifurcation
Where arteries join together
Confluence
Where veins join together
Epicardium
Outer layer of heart. Contains coronary arteries which supply the muscle of the heart with blood.
Myocardium
Muscular middle layer of heart. Responsible for the contraction of the cardiac chambers.
Endocardium
Smooth, glass-like, and innermost layer of heart. Smooth surface keeps blood from clotting as it passes through heart.
Pericardium
Fibrous, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart
Capillaries
Site where cells exchange products of metabolism with adjoining cells.
Arterioles
Last small branches of the arterial system and can dilate and contract depending on how much oxygen the tissue needs
How many bones are in the body?
206
Joints
Places where bones sit against other bones
Ligaments
What connects bones and together
Tendons
What attaches muscles to bones
Visceral Muscle
Looks smooth and not striated. Lines the circumference of muscular arteries, lines the gastrointestinal tract, and functions in the pupillary light reflex in the eyes
Which bones are responsible for hemopoeisis?
Long bones
Transfixation
When the needle enters the top and punctures the bottom of the vein
Venous Collapse
Pressure from the tube overpowers the vein and causes it to collapse
Basal State
A resting metabolic state early in the morning after a 12 hour fast
Petechia
Tiny red dots appear around area of a draw when small amounts of blood have entered the surrounding tissue. Usually only if there’s a clotting deficiency in patient
How long should patients fast before a GTT?
10 hours
Which test requires a tube to be pre-warmed before taking a sample?
Cold agglutinins
Hematocrit
Packed red cell volume
Finger sticks should be performed by what?
The ulnar nerve. By the pinky
Depth of lancets
2.4 mm
What is different about the order of draw with syringes?
Serum tubes go last
