PHISO Flashcards
1
Q
What skeletal muscles have a preload?
A
- Achilles and vocal-cords
2
Q
Isometric twitch/contraction
A
- Fixing the muscle length (skeletal muscles)
- Increase in tension but NO SHORTENING*
- Pushing against something that does not move
3
Q
What does “Contractions” mean
A
- Genertes “Tension” NOT SHORTENING
4
Q
Total Force =
A
Active force(afterload) + Passive force (preload)
5
Q
Relation between Force and Velocity
A
- Inversely related
6
Q
Relation between Force and length
A
- Proportionally related
7
Q
Tetanus
A
- Highest force of contraction
- Ca++ is not removed
8
Q
Cardiac Muscle
A
- NO Fatigue
- NO neurons
- Automatic contraction (gap junctions)
- Modulate intracellular calcium (Inotropism)*
9
Q
Fibrillation
A
- Random beating of the heart
10
Q
L-type Ca++ channels
A
- bring in Ca++ (cardiac muscle)
11
Q
Ryanodine
A
- reacts to Ca++ and release more Ca++ in Sarcoplasmic reticulum (cardiac muscle)
12
Q
What is Inotropism
A
- Altering Ca++ levels in cell
13
Q
Frank‐Starling law
A
- Increase force with preload stretch
14
Q
Cardiac Arrhythmias
A
- Change in cardiac rhythm from the “normal sinus rhythm”
15
Q
Sinus Arrhythmia
A
- Slight increase HR in Inspiration; Slight decrease HR in expeiration
