DRUG LIST Flashcards
Botulinum Toxin
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine
- [Used in]: myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium
Malathion/ Parathion
Succinylcholine
Pancuronium
Acetylcholine
- [Used in]: NOT used CLINICALLY* (very short 1/2 life)
Pilocarpine
Methacholine
Bethanechol
Atropine
Amphetamine
Pseudoephedrine
- Like Ephedrine
Cocaine
Imipramine
Iproniazid
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Oxymetazoline
- [Used in]: Nasal decongestant (Vicks), Ocular hyperaemia (eye redness) (Visine)
Phenylephrine
Clonidine
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Prazosin
Tamsulosin
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
Dobutamine
Albuterol
- [Used in]: Asthma reliever (rapid, 15 min action) short duration
Propranolol
Atenolol
Pindolol
- [Used in]: patients with bradycardia or low cardiac reserve and hypertension
Carbachol
- [Used in]: decrease pressure during cataract surgery
Muscarine
-[Function]: Muscarinic agonist
Arecoline
-[Function]: Muscarinic and nicotinic agonist
Nicotine
Carbamates
-[Function]: Irreversible anticholinesterases
Organophosphates–> ex: Echothiophate
Tabun/ Sarin/ Soman
Donepezil/ Rivastigmine/ Galantamine
- [Used in]: Alzheimer Disease
Pralidoxime
- [By]: splitting phosphorous enzyme bond
Scopolamine
- [Function]:
- [Used in]; preventing of motion sickness, anaesthetic procedures
Ipratropium/ Tiotropium
- [Used in]: COPD, Asthma
Homatropine/Cyclopentolate/ Tropicamide
-[Function]:Muscarinic antagonists
Benzthropine/Trihexyphenidyl
- [Used in]: Parkinson’s disease, side effects of antipsychotic
Glycopyrrolate
- [Used in]: inhibits GI motility, prevent bradycardia
Tolterodine
- [used in]: overactive bladder
Hexamethonium/mecamylamine/trimethaprim
- [Used in]: hypertension (not anymore)
Tubocurarine
Hemicholinium-3
Vesamicol
- [By]: blocks the ACh-H+ anti port (VAchT)
Dopamine
Isoproterenol
- [Effect]: increase heart rate and decreases peripheral resistance, bronchodilation
Salmeterol/ Formoterol
-[Function]: agonist for b2 (long-acting, 12hr)
Methyldopa
Brimonidine
- [Used In]: glaucoma (decrease production)
Methylphenidate
- [Used In]: ADHD
Atomoxetine
Modafinil
Ephedrine
Yohimbine
- [Used In]: treat erectile dysfunction (used to, replaced by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors)
Nadolol
- [Used In]: angina, hypertension
Timolol
- [Used In]: Glaucoma, hypertension, migraine
Esmolol
Labetalol
Carvedilol
alpha-Methyltyrosine (Metyrosine)
Reserpine
Tetrabenazine
- [Used In]: Huntington’s Disease
Cromolyn and necocromil
Reduce immunological mast cell degranulation
Histamine antagonist (release inhibitors)
Sumatriptan
5HT 1d/1b receptor agonist
First line for acute severe migraine attacks (not prophylaxis)
Cimetidine
H2 receptor antagonist
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion by competitively blocking h2 receptor .
Used for GERD, peptic ulcers and acute stress ulcers
If given IV or at high doses can get central effects like confusion and hallucination.
Inhibitor of p450 and also can block androgen receptors **
Metoclopramide
5 HT4 receptor agonists
Results in coordinated contracting to enhance transit for poo poo (pro kinetic)
Increases peristalsis
Cisapride
Prokinetic (helps with peristalsis) 5-HT4 receptor agonist
Toxicity…serious cardiac adverse effects.
Cyproheptadine
Potent H1 blocking. 5HT2 receptor antagonist
Uses - allergic rhinitis , vasomotor rhinitis, management of serotonin syndrome
Ondansetron
5 HT3 receptor (Ion channel) antagonist in vomiting center
Most powerful anti emetic drug
Particularly used for nausea and vomiting that happens with chemotherapy
Ergot alkaloids (ergotamine or dihydroergotamine)
Affects alpha adrenoceptors, 5HT receptors and CNS dopamine receptors
Uses- migraine (not first line but cheap), hyperprolactinemia (Bromocriptine and carbergoline = decrease prolactin)
Diagnosis of Variant Angina (Ergonovine)
Bromocriptine and cabergoline
Exampl of ergot alkaloids
Uses - hyperprolactinema (block release from pit tumors)
H1 antagonist list
First generation - chlorpheniramine, cyclizine, diphenhydramine(benedryl), dimenhydrinate, hydroxyzine, meclizine, promethazine
Uses - allergic conditions(allergic rhinitis And urticaria), motion sickness from its anti muscarinic effects, somnifacients (insomnia)
Second generation - fexofenadine, loratadine, cetirizine
Terfenadine or astemizole
H1 antagonist but caused ventricular arrhythmia if person was on something that inhibited CYP3A4
-block cardiac K+ channels that repolarize the cell for AP
Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
H2 receptor antagonist
Uses - inhibitors of gastric acid secretion via competitive blocking . Peptic ulcers, acute stress ulcer, GERD
Cimetidine
h2 receptor antagonist
- inhibits cytochrome p450 and also bunds to androgen receptors causing antiadrongergic effects (gynecomastia, reduced sperm count in men. In women get galactorhea)
Ergonovine or methyergonovine (ergot alkaloid)
Used if oxytocin doesn’t work for postpartum hemorrhage
Ergonovine
Provokes coronary artery spasm in patients with variant angina. Diagnosis for variant angina
-also used if Oxytocin doesn’t work for postpartum hemorrhage
Dinoprestone
PGE2 ripen the cervix at or near term
Misoprostol
pGE1 ripen the cervix near or at term
Carboprost tromethamine (15-methyl-PGF2alpha) and misoprostol
Management of postpartum hemorrhage (eicosanoid)
Dinoprostone and carboprost tromethamine
Used as abortifacients (eicosnaoid)
Misoprostol in combo with mifepristone or methotrexate
Eicosanoid
-management of postpartum hemorrhage on its own
Combo - abortifacient
Alprostadil
PGE1 used to maintain latency of ductus arteriosus (eicosanoid)
Epoprostenol
PGI2 used in severe pulmonary hypertension and to prevent platelet aggregation in dialysis machines (eicosanoid)
Misoprostol
Gastric cytoprotection
-prevention of peptic ulcers in patients taking high dose of NSAIDS
Alprostadil
PGE1 used for impotence (eicosanoid)
Latanoprost
PGF2alpha derivative. Used for glaucoma
Zileuton
Inhibition of 5 lypoxygenase (actually inhibits the enzyme)
Zafirlukast and mintelukast
Inhibition of the binding of LtD4 to its receptor in target tissues
Glucocorticoids
Inhibit PLA2, blocking the release of arachidonic acid. Inhibits synthesis of cox-2 as well
NSAIDS
Antipyretic,analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Act primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenases
Histamine
H 1 receptor antagonists (First gen- non specific)
- Chlorpheniramine
- Cyclizing
- Diphenhydramine
- Dimenhydrinate
- Hydroxyzine
- Meclizine
- Promethazine
-[used in]: Allergic conditions, motion sickness and nausea, insomnia,
H 1 receptor antagonists (second gen)
- Fexofenadine
- Loratadine
- Cetirizine
H2 receptor antagonists
- Cimetidine
- Ranitidine
- Famotidine
- Nizatidine
LTC4 and LTD4
-[Function]: potent bronchoconstrictors (in asthma and anaphylaxis)
Dinoprostone (PGE2) and Misoprostol (PGE1 analog)
-[Used for]: Ripen the cervix at or near term
Carboprost tromethamine (15-methyl-PGF2alpha) and Misoprostol
-[Used for]: management of postpartum hemorrhage
Dinoprostone and Carboprost Tromethamine
-[Used for]: abortifacients
Alprostadil (PGE1)
-[Used for]: maintain potency of the ductus arterioles, impotence
Epoprostenol (PGI2)
-[Used for]: prevent platelet aggregation and severe pulmonary hypertension
Misoprostol
-[Used for]: prevention of peptic ulcers in patients taking high dose of NSAIDs, management of postpartum hemorrhage
Latanoprost (PGF2alpha)
-[Used for]: used for glaucoma
Zileuton
-[Function]: inhibition of 5-lypoxygenase
Zafirlukast, Montelukast
-[Function]: inhibition of the binding of LTD4 to its receptor in target tissues
Glucocorticoids
-[Function]: inhibit PLA2–> no release of arachidonic acid, inhibits synthesis of COX-2
NSAIDs
-[Function]: inhibiting COX 1 and 2
Furosemide (t1/2= 2-4 hr)
Hydrochlorothiazide (t1/2= 40hr), Chlorthalidone (t1/2= 40-60 hr), Metolazone (most potent)
Spironolactone (active metabolit) , Eplerenone
Amiloride, Triamterene
- [side effect]: hyperkalmia, hypnatremia, leg cramps, GI upset, Headache, dizziness
Acetazolamide
- [used in]: Glaucoma, Epilepsy
