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Midterms > DRUG LIST > Flashcards

DRUG LIST Flashcards

1
Q

Botulinum Toxin

A
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2
Q

Neostigmine

A
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3
Q

Physostigmine

A
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4
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

- [Used in]: myasthenia gravis

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5
Q

Edrophonium

A
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6
Q

Malathion/ Parathion

A
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7
Q

Succinylcholine

A
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8
Q

Pancuronium

A
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9
Q

Acetylcholine

A

- [Used in]: NOT used CLINICALLY* (very short 1/2 life)

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10
Q

Pilocarpine

A
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11
Q

Methacholine

A
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12
Q

Bethanechol

A
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13
Q

Atropine

A
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14
Q

Amphetamine

A
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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A
  • Like Ephedrine
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16
Q

Cocaine

A
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17
Q

Imipramine

A
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18
Q

Iproniazid

A
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19
Q

Epinephrine

A
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20
Q

Norepinephrine

A
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21
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

- [Used in]: Nasal decongestant (Vicks), Ocular hyperaemia (eye redness) (Visine)

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22
Q

Phenylephrine

A
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23
Q

Clonidine

A
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24
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A
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25
Q

Phentolamine

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26
Q

Prazosin

A
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27
Q

Tamsulosin

Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

A
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28
Q

Dobutamine

A
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29
Q

Albuterol

A

- [Used in]: Asthma reliever (rapid, 15 min action) short duration

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30
Q

Propranolol

A
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31
Q

Atenolol

A
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32
Q

Pindolol

A

- [Used in]: patients with bradycardia or low cardiac reserve and hypertension

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33
Q

Carbachol

A

- [Used in]: decrease pressure during cataract surgery

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34
Q

Muscarine

A

-[Function]: Muscarinic agonist

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35
Q

Arecoline

A

-[Function]: Muscarinic and nicotinic agonist

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36
Q

Nicotine

A
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37
Q

Carbamates

A

-[Function]: Irreversible anticholinesterases

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38
Q

Organophosphates–> ex: Echothiophate

A
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39
Q

Tabun/ Sarin/ Soman

A
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40
Q

Donepezil/ Rivastigmine/ Galantamine

A

- [Used in]: Alzheimer Disease

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41
Q

Pralidoxime

A

- [By]: splitting phosphorous enzyme bond

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42
Q

Scopolamine

A
  • [Function]:

- [Used in]; preventing of motion sickness, anaesthetic procedures

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43
Q

Ipratropium/ Tiotropium

A

- [Used in]: COPD, Asthma

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44
Q

Homatropine/Cyclopentolate/ Tropicamide

A

-[Function]:Muscarinic antagonists

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45
Q

Benzthropine/Trihexyphenidyl

A

- [Used in]: Parkinson’s disease, side effects of antipsychotic

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46
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

- [Used in]: inhibits GI motility, prevent bradycardia

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47
Q

Tolterodine

A

- [used in]: overactive bladder

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48
Q

Hexamethonium/mecamylamine/trimethaprim

A

- [Used in]: hypertension (not anymore)

49
Q

Tubocurarine

A
50
Q

Hemicholinium-3

A
51
Q

Vesamicol

A

- [By]: blocks the ACh-H+ anti port (VAchT)

52
Q

Dopamine

A
53
Q

Isoproterenol

A

- [Effect]: increase heart rate and decreases peripheral resistance, bronchodilation

54
Q

Salmeterol/ Formoterol

A

-[Function]: agonist for b2 (long-acting, 12hr)

55
Q

Methyldopa

A
56
Q

Brimonidine

A

- [Used In]: glaucoma (decrease production)

57
Q

Methylphenidate

A

- [Used In]: ADHD

58
Q

Atomoxetine

A
59
Q

Modafinil

A
60
Q

Ephedrine

A
61
Q

Yohimbine

A

- [Used In]: treat erectile dysfunction (used to, replaced by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors)

62
Q

Nadolol

A

- [Used In]: angina, hypertension

63
Q

Timolol

A

- [Used In]: Glaucoma, hypertension, migraine

64
Q

Esmolol

A
65
Q

Labetalol

A
66
Q

Carvedilol

A
67
Q

alpha-Methyltyrosine (Metyrosine)

A
68
Q

Reserpine

A
69
Q

Tetrabenazine

A

- [Used In]: Huntington’s Disease

70
Q

Cromolyn and necocromil

A

Reduce immunological mast cell degranulation

Histamine antagonist (release inhibitors)

71
Q

Sumatriptan

A

5HT 1d/1b receptor agonist

First line for acute severe migraine attacks (not prophylaxis)

72
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion by competitively blocking h2 receptor .

Used for GERD, peptic ulcers and acute stress ulcers

If given IV or at high doses can get central effects like confusion and hallucination.

Inhibitor of p450 and also can block androgen receptors **

73
Q

Metoclopramide

A

5 HT4 receptor agonists

Results in coordinated contracting to enhance transit for poo poo (pro kinetic)

Increases peristalsis

74
Q

Cisapride

A

Prokinetic (helps with peristalsis) 5-HT4 receptor agonist

Toxicity…serious cardiac adverse effects.

75
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

Potent H1 blocking. 5HT2 receptor antagonist

Uses - allergic rhinitis , vasomotor rhinitis, management of serotonin syndrome

76
Q

Ondansetron

A

5 HT3 receptor (Ion channel) antagonist in vomiting center
Most powerful anti emetic drug

Particularly used for nausea and vomiting that happens with chemotherapy

77
Q

Ergot alkaloids (ergotamine or dihydroergotamine)

A

Affects alpha adrenoceptors, 5HT receptors and CNS dopamine receptors

Uses- migraine (not first line but cheap), hyperprolactinemia (Bromocriptine and carbergoline = decrease prolactin)
Diagnosis of Variant Angina (Ergonovine)

78
Q

Bromocriptine and cabergoline

A

Exampl of ergot alkaloids

Uses - hyperprolactinema (block release from pit tumors)

79
Q

H1 antagonist list

A

First generation - chlorpheniramine, cyclizine, diphenhydramine(benedryl), dimenhydrinate, hydroxyzine, meclizine, promethazine

Uses - allergic conditions(allergic rhinitis And urticaria), motion sickness from its anti muscarinic effects, somnifacients (insomnia)

Second generation - fexofenadine, loratadine, cetirizine

80
Q

Terfenadine or astemizole

A

H1 antagonist but caused ventricular arrhythmia if person was on something that inhibited CYP3A4
-block cardiac K+ channels that repolarize the cell for AP

81
Q

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

Uses - inhibitors of gastric acid secretion via competitive blocking . Peptic ulcers, acute stress ulcer, GERD

82
Q

Cimetidine

A

h2 receptor antagonist
- inhibits cytochrome p450 and also bunds to androgen receptors causing antiadrongergic effects (gynecomastia, reduced sperm count in men. In women get galactorhea)

83
Q

Ergonovine or methyergonovine (ergot alkaloid)

A

Used if oxytocin doesn’t work for postpartum hemorrhage

84
Q

Ergonovine

A

Provokes coronary artery spasm in patients with variant angina. Diagnosis for variant angina
-also used if Oxytocin doesn’t work for postpartum hemorrhage

85
Q

Dinoprestone

A

PGE2 ripen the cervix at or near term

86
Q

Misoprostol

A

pGE1 ripen the cervix near or at term

87
Q

Carboprost tromethamine (15-methyl-PGF2alpha) and misoprostol

A

Management of postpartum hemorrhage (eicosanoid)

88
Q

Dinoprostone and carboprost tromethamine

A

Used as abortifacients (eicosnaoid)

89
Q

Misoprostol in combo with mifepristone or methotrexate

A

Eicosanoid
-management of postpartum hemorrhage on its own

Combo - abortifacient

90
Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE1 used to maintain latency of ductus arteriosus (eicosanoid)

91
Q

Epoprostenol

A

PGI2 used in severe pulmonary hypertension and to prevent platelet aggregation in dialysis machines (eicosanoid)

92
Q

Misoprostol

A

Gastric cytoprotection

-prevention of peptic ulcers in patients taking high dose of NSAIDS

93
Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE1 used for impotence (eicosanoid)

94
Q

Latanoprost

A

PGF2alpha derivative. Used for glaucoma

95
Q

Zileuton

A

Inhibition of 5 lypoxygenase (actually inhibits the enzyme)

96
Q

Zafirlukast and mintelukast

A

Inhibition of the binding of LtD4 to its receptor in target tissues

97
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Inhibit PLA2, blocking the release of arachidonic acid. Inhibits synthesis of cox-2 as well

98
Q

NSAIDS

A

Antipyretic,analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Act primarily by inhibiting cyclooxygenases

99
Q

Histamine

A
100
Q

H 1 receptor antagonists (First gen- non specific)

A
  • Chlorpheniramine
  • Cyclizing
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Dimenhydrinate
  • Hydroxyzine
  • Meclizine
  • Promethazine

-[used in]: Allergic conditions, motion sickness and nausea, insomnia,

101
Q

H 1 receptor antagonists (second gen)

A
  • Fexofenadine
  • Loratadine
  • Cetirizine
102
Q

H2 receptor antagonists

A
  • Cimetidine
  • Ranitidine
  • Famotidine
  • Nizatidine
103
Q

LTC4 and LTD4

A

-[Function]: potent bronchoconstrictors (in asthma and anaphylaxis)

104
Q

Dinoprostone (PGE2) and Misoprostol (PGE1 analog)

A

-[Used for]: Ripen the cervix at or near term

105
Q

Carboprost tromethamine (15-methyl-PGF2alpha) and Misoprostol

A

-[Used for]: management of postpartum hemorrhage

106
Q

Dinoprostone and Carboprost Tromethamine

A

-[Used for]: abortifacients

107
Q

Alprostadil (PGE1)

A

-[Used for]: maintain potency of the ductus arterioles, impotence

108
Q

Epoprostenol (PGI2)

A

-[Used for]: prevent platelet aggregation and severe pulmonary hypertension

109
Q

Misoprostol

A

-[Used for]: prevention of peptic ulcers in patients taking high dose of NSAIDs, management of postpartum hemorrhage

110
Q

Latanoprost (PGF2alpha)

A

-[Used for]: used for glaucoma

111
Q

Zileuton

A

-[Function]: inhibition of 5-lypoxygenase

112
Q

Zafirlukast, Montelukast

A

-[Function]: inhibition of the binding of LTD4 to its receptor in target tissues

113
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

-[Function]: inhibit PLA2–> no release of arachidonic acid, inhibits synthesis of COX-2

114
Q

NSAIDs

A

-[Function]: inhibiting COX 1 and 2

115
Q

Furosemide (t1/2= 2-4 hr)

A
116
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (t1/2= 40hr), Chlorthalidone (t1/2= 40-60 hr), Metolazone (most potent)

A
117
Q

Spironolactone (active metabolit) , Eplerenone

A
118
Q

Amiloride, Triamterene

A

- [side effect]: hyperkalmia, hypnatremia, leg cramps, GI upset, Headache, dizziness

119
Q

Acetazolamide

A

- [used in]: Glaucoma, Epilepsy

Midterms (4 decks)

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